摘要
我国现行立法虽然使用了孳息、天然孳息和法定孳息的概念,但对上述概念的含义均未作出明确界定,且孳息制度的立法安排不合理,从而导致实务中对于产生孳息的原物能否是财产权利,物的增值利益、加工物及基于射幸合同关系产生的偶得收益等能否构成孳息认识不一。我国未来民法典应将孳息制度置于法典总则中,以强调产生孳息的原物不限于有体物,也包括财产权利,同时对孳息及相关概念作出明确的立法表述。在处理孳息纠纷的司法实务中,判断物或权利的增值利益是否构成孳息,应当区分被动增值与主动增值;孳息形成或分离后虽经人力加工,仍不失为天然孳息,但以不消灭原物为前提;并非基于任何法律关系产生的对价均属法定孳息,产生法定孳息的法律关系仅限于用益法律关系;偶得收益是否构成法定孳息,取决于其产生的基础关系是否属于用益法律关系。
Although the concepts of fruits,natural fruits and legal fruits are widely used in the current legislation in China,the meaning of these concepts have not been clearly defined,and the legislation of the fruits system is unreasonable.These drawbacks directly lead to the following two controversial problems in legal practice:whether the fruits produced by the original thing can constitute property rights;whether the value-added benefits of the original thing,the processed products,and the occasional income generated by the aleatory contracts can constitute fruits.This paper suggests,in the future,that the fruits system should be placed and prescribed in the general section of Chinese Civil Code to underline that the original thing,which produces fruits,not only includes the visible property but also property rights.And the future Chinese Civil Code should also include the clear legislation definition regarding fruits and other related concepts.Moreover,in the judicial practice of fruits disputes,I suggest that determining whether the value-added benefits of objects and rights can constitute fruits,it is necessary to distinguish between passive value-added and active value-added.If the original thing still exist,then although the formation and separation of fruits have been processed by manpower,they are still regarded as natural fruits.Not all considerations based on any legal relationship are legal fruits;the only legal relationship that generates legal fruits is the usufructuary legal relationship.Whether the occasional income constitutes legal fruits depends on whether its basic relationship belongs to usufructuary legal relationship.
作者
陈本寒
CHEN Ben-han(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)
出处
《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期24-36,共13页
Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)
关键词
民法典
孳息
天然孳息
法定孳息
权利孳息
人工孳息
civil code
fruits
natural fruits
legal fruits
fruits of rights
artificial fruits
