摘要
旨在为生产中采用生物降解膜解决麦(油)后直播棉迟发晚熟问题提供技术支撑。2016—2017年在大田条件下,设置不覆膜(CK)、普通聚乙烯地膜覆盖(PM)、生物降解膜覆盖(AM、BM)4个处理,进行随机区组试验。结果表明,与CK相比,地膜覆盖处理显著提高蕾期0~20 cm土壤平均含水量和苗、蕾期的土壤温度;苗期和蕾期土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量增加,且苗期以PM处理较高而蕾期以BM处理较高;BM处理的土壤有机质含量增加而PM与AM处理降低。与CK相比,地膜覆盖处理土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和中性磷酸酶活性苗期降低而蕾期增加,地膜覆盖处理间,苗期以PM处理较高,蕾期以BM和PM处理较高。地膜覆盖处理棉花生物量快速累积起始期和结束期提前、最大生物量及快速累积速率增加且以BM处理累积特征值较优化。地膜覆盖显著提高了麦(油)后直播棉的籽棉产量与霜前花率,且以BM处理较高。综上,生物降解膜覆盖改善土壤理化特性,促进麦(油)后直播棉的快速生长,从而提高产量和霜前花率。
The aim is to provide technical solution to late-germination and late maturity of cotton field-seeded after barley(rape)harvest with biodegradable film.Field experiments were carried out in 2016 and 2017.Four treatments were set up,including planting without mulching(CK),planting with polyethylene film mulching(PM)and two kinds of biodegradable film mulching(AM and BM).The randomized block design of experiment was conducted.The results showed that compared with CK,film mulching treatments increased the mean water content at budding stage and temperature at seedling and budding stage in 0-20 cm soil layer obviously.The soil nutrient of alkalide N,available P and K increased with higher value at seedling and budding stage in the treatment of PM and BM respectively.The soil organic content increased in the treatment of BM and decreased in PM and AM.Compared with CK,the soil enzyme activities of urease,invertase,catalase,and neutral phosphatase decreased at seedling stage but increased at budding stage with higher value in the treatment of PM and BM respectively.The biomass accumulation initiated and terminated earlier in all film mulching treatments than that in CK.The maximum biomass and its maximum speed increased with optimized characteristics in the treatment of BM.Yield and yield ratio before frost were higher in film mulching treatments,especially in BM.In summary,biodegradable film mulching can improve soil physical and chemical properties,promote the growth of cotton field-seeded after barley(rape)harvest,so that it improves yield and the yield ratio before frost.
作者
杨长琴
王晓婧
张国伟
刘瑞显
倪万潮
Yang Changqin;Wang Xiaojing;Zhang Guowei;Liu Ruixian;Ni Wanchao(Institute of Industrial Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed,Ministry of Agriculture,Nanjing 210014)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2019年第29期52-56,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点研发计划“棉花化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2017YFD0201900)
公益性行业（农业）科研专项“环境保护型降解地膜在华东区麦后直播棉上的应用与评估”(201503105)
农业部长江下游棉花与油菜重点实验室开放课题“麦(油)后直播棉早熟高产的源库特征及调控机制”(2017-CR01)
关键词
生物降解膜
麦(油)后直播棉
土壤理化特性
生物量累积
产量与霜前花率
biodegradable film
cotton field-seeded after barley(rape)harvest
soil physical and chemical properties
biomass accumulation
yield and yield ratio before frost
