摘要
为填补中国菜用甘薯茎尖机械化收获技术空白,该文研制了菜用甘薯茎尖收获机。在分析整机机械结构基础上详细介绍了菜用甘薯茎尖收获机工作原理,开展了切割装置、拨禾装置、输送装置和收集装置等关键部件设计。为了提高茎尖完整率,降低漏收率和留茬高度,提升菜用甘薯茎尖收获机收获作业质量,在单因素试验基础上利用Box-Benhnken的中心组合试验方法对菜用甘薯茎尖收获机的工作参数进行试验研究,以前进速度、拨禾轮转速以及往复割刀线速度进行三因素三水平二次回归正交试验设计。建立了响应面模型,研究并分析了各因素对于机器作业质量影响,最后实现对工作参数的优化。试验结果显示:各因素对茎尖完整率影响显著顺序为拨禾轮转速>往复割刀线速度>前进速度;各因素对漏收率影响显著顺序为前进速度>往复割刀线速度>拨禾轮转速;各因素对留茬高度影响显著顺序为拨禾轮转速>前进速度>往复割刀线速度;田间试验数据显示:最优工作参数组合是前进速度为0.38 m/s,拨禾轮转速为26 r/min,往复割刀线速度为0.60 m/s,此时茎尖完整率为97.10%,漏收率为12.11%,留茬高度为62.09 mm,与理论优化值对比误差控制在了5%范围内。相较于单个人工采摘效率仅为0.001 hm2/h,本机作业效率一般为0.1 hm2/h,作业效果较人工有明显提升,较好地满足菜用甘薯机械化收获要求。研究结果可为今后中国菜用甘薯茎尖收获装备发展提供了有力支撑和理论基础。
The stem tip of vegetable sweet potato is an excellent nutritious and healthy food,which is widely used in many countries.It’s estimated that the total value of Chinese vegetable sweet potato’s market is about tens of billions of yuan,which means it has a promising future.Due to the difficulties of the long harvest period,high harvest requirement,and low mechanized level,the high cost and low efficiency in harvest is prominent.As such,it decreases the motivation of the farmers deeply.Also,the market still has a strong need for the stem tip harvester urgently.In order to fill the blanket in the mechanized harvest on stem tips of vegetable sweet potatoes in China,and to solve the current problems,in this research,we designed a stem tip harvester for vegetable sweet potatoes in combination with agronomy,which was composed of the reeling,cutting,conveying and collecting devices.It could finish cutting,conveying and collecting the stem tips for vegetable sweet potatoes every single row in one operation.In this paper,we introduced the harvester’s working theory based on analyzing the whole machine’s mechanical structure.To improve the integrity rate of stem tip,to lower the missing rate in cutting,to lower the stubble height and to improve the harvester’s working quality,we did a test on the harvester’s working parameters,using Box-Benhnken’s central combination test method based on the single factor test.Three-level quadratic regression orthogonal experimental design was done through the forward speed,the reel speed and the reciprocating cutter line speed.The model of response surface was established to research and analysis the machine’s working quality due to different factors.Finally,the optimization of machine operation parameters was realized.The results showed that the prominent order in the stem tips’integrity rates was the reel speed>the reciprocating cutter line speed>the forward speed.The prominent order in the stem tips’missing rate was the forward speed>the reciprocating cutter line speed>the reel speed.The prominent order in the stem tip’s stubble height was the reel speed>the forward speed>the reciprocating cutter line speed.In 2019,the test was done in three times to verify the model’s correction in Baiba test base,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization.The field test results showed the optimal working parameters were the forward speed 0.38 m/s,the reel speed 26 r/min,and the reciprocating cutter line speed 0.60 m/s.The integrity rate of stem tips was97.10%,the missing rate was 12.11%,and the stubble height was 62.09 mm.The error was in the range of 5%compared to the theoretical optimization.Compared with the single manual picking efficiency of 0.001 hm2/h,the operating efficiency of this machine can reach0.1 hm2/h,The operation effect of the machine was obviously improved compared with that of manual operation,better to meet the requirements of the vegetable sweet potatoes’stem tips machinery harvesting.The test research supplies a strong support and theoretical basis to the mechanical development of the harvester for vegetable sweet potatoes’stem tips.
作者
沈公威
王公仆
胡良龙
袁建宁
王叶萌
吴腾
陈小冬
Shen Gongwei;Wang Gongpu;Hu Lianglong;Yuan Jianning;Wang Yemeng;Wu Teng;Chen Xiaodong(Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture,Nanjing 210014,China;Nanjing Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211167,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第19期46-55,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家现代农业甘薯产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-10-B-18)
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0701604)
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX19_0517)
关键词
农业机械
设计
菜用甘薯
茎尖
收获
响应面
agricultural machinery
design
vegetable sweet potato
stem tip
harvest
response surface
