摘要
为揭示露天煤矿开采对矿区生态环境的影响,以内蒙古呼伦贝尔市伊敏露天矿为例,采用3S宏观大尺度研究与地面植被详查方法相结合,研究了1975—2010年矿区及其周围生态景观的变化,并分析了其植被类型与分布的变化。结果表明:1975—2010年,矿区主要生态景观类型及其面积和空间格局发生了较大变化,草原景观面积减少了10.93%,原有湖沼及湿地大面积消失,临近矿区河流河曲呈简单化发展,未改变类型的生态景观面积仅占矿区总面积的32.33%;与周边区域相比,矿区物种多样性减少,植被第一性生产力降低,生态退化形势较为严重;矿区人类活动对生态系统构成较大破坏和干扰,距离工矿地、人类聚居区越近,生态环境破坏规模和强度越大。
In order to reveal the impact of open-pit coal mining on the mining area′s ecological environment,taking Yimin open coal mine in Hulun Buir City of Inner Mongolia as an example,the changes of the mining area and its surrounding ecological landscape in 1975-2010 were studied and the vegetation types and distribution changes analyzed,by using 3S macro-scale research and detailed investigation of ground vegetation.Results showed that the main types of ecological landscape in the mining area and their area and spatial pattern changed greatly in 1975-2010.The grassland landscape area decreased by 10.93%,a large area of original lakes and wetlands disappeared,the river meander near the mining area showed simplified development,and the unchanged type of ecological landscape area only accounted for 32.33%of the total area of the mining area.Compared with the surrounding areas,the species diversity in the mining area decreased,the primary productivity decreased,and the ecological degradation situation was more serious.Human activities had caused great damage and interference to the mining area ecosystem.The closer to industrial and the mining area and human settlements,the greater the scale and intensity of ecological environment damage would be.
作者
范小杉
熊向艳
马建军
何萍
冯朝阳
宋婷
FAN Xiaoshan;XIONG Xiangyan;MA Jianjun;HE Ping;FENG Chaoyang;SONG Ting(State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Life Science,Langfang Normal University,Langfang 065000,China)
出处
《环境工程技术学报》
CAS
2019年第6期732-740,共9页
Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41501581)
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0506601)
关键词
生态景观
植被类型
空间格局
煤矿
伊敏露天矿
ecological landscape
vegetation types
spatial pattern
coal mine
Yimin open coal mine
