摘要
改革开放40年来,我国流动人口政策经历了逐步放开农民进城、要求公平对待流动人口、全面推进市民化三个阶段。由于城乡二元分割,"乡-城流动人口"和"城-城流动人口"在融入城市社会的时候面临巨大的阻力。流动人口在城市是留下、离开还是等待,不仅受流动人口自身特征的影响,而且也受流入地政府主体、市场主体以及当地民众社会包容度的影响。具体而言,户籍制度、收入水平、婚姻状况、在城市的居留时间、社会生活习惯与行为模式都会成为影响流动人口居留的关键因素。流动人口城市化治理的进程要经过户籍的城市化、身份的城市化和文化理念的城市化。为此,在推进新型城镇化的过程中,政府、市场、社会以及公众等多元治理主体应同向发力,进一步推进户籍制度改革;大力提升流动人口的职业技能和收入水平;重视发挥社会组织的纽带作用;持续增强公众参与和社会互动,以促进流动人口的城市融入。
Over the 40 years of reform and opening-up,the floating population policy in China has been developed in three stages,from gradually loosening restrictions for farmers to enter a city,to requesting treating the floating population equally,and then to comprehensively promoting the urbanization.Because of the two-fold organization of household registration for agriculture and non-agriculture citizens,"the township-city floating population"and"the city-city floating population"always face hindrance when integrating with communities of the floating-in city.The decision of the transient population to stay,relocation or wait and see depends on the characteristics of floating population itself,also on the inclusiveness of government,the market as well as the local society in floating-in city.Specifically,some key factors affect the decision of floating population,including the household registration system,income level,marital status,residence period in the city,living habits and behavior patterns.The process of urbanization governance of the floating population must go through the urbanization of household registration,identity and cultural concepts.To this end,in the process of promoting new mode of urbanization,the multi-governance bodies such as the government,the market,the society,and the public should work together to further promote the reform of the household registration system;improve the vocational skills and income levels of the floating population;stress on the linking function of non-government organizations;enhance public participation and social interaction to promote the urban integration for the floating population.
作者
谭日辉
王涛
TAN Rihui;WANG Tao(Finance,Taxation and Public Management Institute,Jiangxi Finance and Economics University,Nanchang 330013;Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)
出处
《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期130-140,共11页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
关键词
流动人口
社会质量
社会包容
社会情绪
城市化治理
floating population
social quality
social inclusiveness
social sentiment
urbanization governance
