摘要
《民法典物权编(草案)》第117条确立的添附规则,存在一定缺陷。确定添附物所有权归属时,“有约定的,按照约定”之规则值得检省;“依照法律规定”,该做法也存在一定缺陷;“发挥物的效用以及保护无过错当事人的原则”未区分添附的不同类型,且欠缺正当法理。当事人约定不应作为确定添附物权属的首要原则,而应认定为对添附物权属再变动的合意。在我国《民法典》编纂中,基于附合、混合、加工等不同添附形式,应分别以“重要成分”判定动产与不动产附合物的所有权归属,以“主从关系/共有”确定动产相互附合物、混合物的所有权归属,以及以“材料主义为原则、加工主义为例外”界定加工物的所有权归属。当事人主观过错与善意、恶意应予区分,过错将影响添附物的归属,而善意、恶意则否。应赋予丧失动产所有权以及付出劳力者以不当得利、侵权损害赔偿请求权,并完善添附引发的第三人效力规则。
The accessio rules in article 117 of the Real Right Section of Civil Code(Draft)have significant defects.When determining the ownership of the accessio possessionis,“if there is an agreement,it shall be in accordance with the agreement”,which is a null and void provision.“In accordance with other legal provisions”,which is the suspicion of buck-passing legislation.The rule of“the utility of the thing and the principle of protecting the innocent party”fails to distinguish the different types of accessio and lacks due legal principles.The parties’agreement should not be regarded as the primary principle to determine the ownership of the accessio property,but should be considered as the consent of the re-alteration of the ownership of the accessio property.In the compilation of the Civil Code,based on the different accessio forms such as attachment,mixing,and processing.The personal property and the real estate attachments should be determined by“important components”.The attachments and mixtures of the personal property should be determined by“accessio credi principali or co-ownership”.The ownership of the processed goods should be defined as“materialism as the principle while processing as the exception”.The fault of the parties should be distinguished from goodwill and malice.Fault will affect the ownership of the accessio property,but goodwill or malicious will not.The right to claim for unjust enrichment and tort damage should be entitled to those who lose personal property and pay labor,and the third-party effectiveness rules caused by accessio should be supplemented.
作者
单平基
SHAN Ping-ji(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China)
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期118-132,共15页
Modern Law Science
基金
司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“自然资源权利配置法律机制研究”(15SFB2031)
关键词
《民法典》
添附
添附物归属
第三人效力
Civil Code
accessio
ownership of accessio possessionis
third-party effect
