摘要
针对黄河流域不同类型的生态脆弱问题,在黄河上、中、下游的洪积扇区、沙漠区、砒砂岩区、河滩地水土流失区、盐碱地开展菌草生态治理研究与应用.结果表明,高寒地区菌草生态治理后,植被恢复快.巨菌草生长92 d,鲜草产量达到178.05 t·hm^-2,鲜根重31.35 t·hm^-2;洪积扇扇缘鲜草产量达到162.45 t·hm^-2,鲜根重26.85 t·hm^-2,洪积扇区域地表水的流失量比对照(CK)下降97.45%;流动沙地菌草生态治理后,巨菌草生长55 d,即可有效重建沙地植被,其根系形成网络状,防风阻沙固沙效果显著.巨菌草作为饲用作物栽培,鲜草产量达183.45 t·hm^-2.砒砂岩菌草生态治理后,绿洲1号、巨菌草成苗率分别为98.8%、93.5%,显著高于沙棘、杨柳、杨树.巨菌草植被恢复效果最好,鲜草产量达到62.25 t·hm^-2,鲜根重13.05 t·hm^-2,有效减缓砒砂岩区水土流失、沟头发育.黄土高原黄土阶地区河滩地水土流失菌草生态治理后,绿洲1号种植2 a后,越冬成活率达到98%,株高616.73 cm,平均分蘖44.35个,鲜草产量173.1 t·hm^-2,能发挥长效的保水固土作用.黄河下游冲积平原菌草改良盐碱地效果明显,pH降低,有机质、全氮、全磷、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和脲酶含量升高,河滩地菌草植被恢复效果好,菌草生长121 d,收割2茬,鲜草产量达269.25 t·hm^-2.系列研究成果表明,在黄河沿岸建设菌草生态屏障技术切实可行.
Faced with the challenge of ecological vulnerability in the Yellow River,ecological restoration and management by the cultivations of Juncao were carried out in the alpine area,diluvial fan area,flooding/erosion area,and saline/alkali area along the Yellow River.The results showed that Juncao grown in the alpine region recovered rapidly.It grew for 92 d,and yielded 178.05 t·hm^-2 fresh grass and 31.35 t·hm^-2 fresh root.In the diluvial fan areas,Juncao also produced 162.45 t·hm^-2 fresh grass and 26.85 t·hm^-2 fresh root,reducing surface water loss by 97.45%in comparison to the control.Although Juncao only grew for 55 d in the shifting sandy region,it was sufficient for vegetation restoration as its root system had been well established,which provided excellent windbreak and sand-fixing functions.Not the least,Juncao also yielded 183.45 t·hm^-2 fresh grass as fodder crop in this region.In the sandstone area,seedling rates of oasis No.1 and Juncao reached 98.8%and 93.5%,respectively,which were significantly higher than that of seabuckthorn,willow and poplar.Among all,vegetation recovery effect of Juncao was the best,producing 62.25 t·hm^-2 fresh grass and 13.05 t·hm^-2 fresh root,which effectively mitigated soil erosion and the development of erosion gully.In the floodplain of the Loess Plateau,the wintering survival rate of Oasis No.1 reached 98%after 2-year development.The matured grass reached 616.73 cm,and produced averagely 44.35 tillers and 173.1 t·hm^-2grass.In the alluvial plain in the lower reach of the Yellow River,Juncao grass also effectively improved the saline/alkali soil with declined soil pH and increased levels of total organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,catalase,polyphenol oxidase and ureas.Juncao grass grew for 121 d and yielded 269.25 t·hm^-2 within 2 harvests.In conclusion,cultivation of Juncao proved to be an effective and practical tool to restore an ecological barrier along the Yellow River.
作者
林占熺
苏德伟
林辉
林兴生
林冬梅
郑丹
蔡杨星
余世葵
罗宗志
LIN Zhanxi;SU Dewei;LIN Hui;LIN Xingsheng;LIN Dongmei;ZHENG Dan;CAI Yangxing;YU Shikui;LUO Zongzhi(National Engineering Research Center of Juncao,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)
出处
《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期803-812,共10页
Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition
基金
国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201004019)
国家菌草工程技术研究中心组建项目(2011FU125X11)
福建省教育厅资助项目(201812628)
关键词
菌草
黄河生态安全屏障
生态治理
Juncao
the Yellow River ecological security barrier
ecological governance
