摘要
中国40年的发展经验已成为世界学术界乃至政策界的思考热点,并向我们提出了理论挑战。以中国农村发展和减贫奇迹为例,从历史、实践和理论逻辑三个方面探索中国农村发展和减贫奇迹的内在原因。发展型国家理论把社会文化主体性仅作为国家发挥作用的辅助角色,忽视了社会文化主体性的独立性和关键性作用;"农民理性扩张论"强调农民主体性的价值,忽视了农民主体性只是社会文化主体性的一部分,而不能代表全部。社会文化主体性体现为家庭和家族、拟家族化的社会关系、社会组织以及区域社会四个相互关联与支撑的方面。社会文化主体性在过去40年对中国农村发展和减贫奇迹发挥了重要作用。当下社会文化主体性的发展尚存在一些问题,又因国家主体性与社会文化主体性的建设性合作关系是中国农村发展和减贫奇迹的重要机制,因此,培育社会文化主体性,需要国家的介入,同时需把社会和文化问题放在农村发展和减贫研究的中心位置来考量。
China’s experience over its forty-year development has become a topical issue in world academic circles and even policy circles,but it presents us with theoretical challenges.Taking the Chinese miracle in rural development and poverty alleviation as an example,we explore the internal causes of China’s success in this field in three respects:history,practice and theoretical logic.The theory of the developmental state regards social and cultural subjectivity as being merely an accessory to the functioning of the state,ignoring the independence and key role of social and cultural subjectivity.The theory of "the expansion of peasant rationality"emphasizes the value of farmers’ subjectivity,neglecting the fact that it is only apart of social and cultural subjectivity and cannot represent the whole.Social and cultural subjectivity is embodied in four interrelated and mutually supporting aspects:family and extended family,quasi-family-based social relationships,social organization and regional society.Social and cultural subjectivity has played an important role in China’s rural development and poverty alleviation over the past forty years.There are still some problems in its development,but a constructive and cooperative relationship between state subjectivity and social and cultural subjectivity is an important mechanism in China’s rural development and poverty alleviation.State intervention is therefore necessary for the cultivation of social and cultural subjectivity,as is a focus on the centrality of social and cultural issues in research on rural development and poverty reduction.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第11期86-103,206,共19页
Social Sciences in China
