摘要
为探索苹果+韭菜种植模式下开展生态调控的可行性,为该模式的推广和应用提供理论指导,本研究采用人工逐株调查法和扫网法对苹果间作韭菜田花期节肢动物种类及优势种群进行了调查。结果表明:苹果间作韭菜田花期节肢动物共有63种,其中,昆虫纲节肢动物56种,蛛形纲7种。两作物上均存在的节肢动物为4种,均为捕食性天敌。生物学分类统计分析可知,蛛形纲均为有益节肢动物;就昆虫纲而言,在种类和数量上,苹果树上节肢动物主要为半翅目和鳞翅目,以有害节肢动物为主;韭菜上为双翅目和鳞翅目,以有益和无害节肢动物为主。综合分析益害情况可知,有益和无害节肢动物数量占51.58%,略高于有害节肢动物,而种类占48.03%,略低于有害节肢动物。群落结构特征分析发现,两作物群落相似性指数仅为0.12,间作使得群落更加稳定。优势度分析可知,优势种仅1种,为三突花蛛。
In order to explore the feasibility of ecological regulation under apple+Chinese chive planting mode,and provide theoretical guidance for its popularization and application,the species and dominant population of arthropods at flowering stage in apple-Chinese chive intercropping field were investigated by the artificial plant-by-plant survey and net sweeping method in Taian.The results showed that there were 63 species of arthropods in the orchard including 56 species of Insecta and 7 species of Arachnida.There were four kinds of arthropods on the two crops,which were predatory natural enemies.According to the statistical analysis of biological classification,Arachnida were all beneficial arthropods.In the case of Insecta,in terms of species and quantity,the arthropods on apple trees were mainly Hemiptera and Lepidoptera,and the harmful arthropods were the main species.Diptera and Lepidoptera were the main species on Chinese chives,mainly were beneficial and harmless arthropods.Comprehensive analysis of benefits and harms,the number of beneficial and harmless arthropods accounted for 51.58%,slightly higher than that of harmful arthropods,while the species accounted for 48.03%,slightly lower than that of harmful arthropods.The analysis of community structure characteristics showed that the similarity index of the two crop communities was only 0.12,intercropping made the community more stable.The dominance analysis showed that there was only one dominant species of arthropods,which was Ebrechtella tricuspidata.
作者
宫庆涛
武海斌
李素红
姜莉莉
孙瑞红
Gong Qingtao;Wu Haibin;Li Suhong;Jiang Lili;Sun Ruihong(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Taian 271000,China;College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian 271018,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
2019年第11期118-125,共8页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2015YL058)
山东省重点研发计划项目(2017GNC13101)
农业部药检所药效试验项目(2019)
关键词
苹果
韭菜
间作
节肢动物
优势种群
种类
Apple
Chinese chive
Intercropping
Arthropod
Dominant populations
Species
