摘要
关键矿产资源(Critical Minerals)是国家经济繁荣、国防安全和技术飞跃的重要保障,是支撑我国战略性新兴产业(例如:洁净能源产业、光伏太阳能产业、新一代信息技术产业、航空航天装备等)快速稳定发展的重要金属原材料。世界主要经济发达体(如:美国、日本、欧盟、澳大利亚等)均开展了关键矿产资源的评价,制定了相应的关键矿产资源发展战略,其评价方式也由一维向多维发展,并且把环境因素和资源的循环回收利用列入关键的评价指标。铟作为关键矿产资源之一,是太阳能光伏产业和ITO靶材主要的金属材料。它一般易于在岩浆结晶的晚期富集,但近年来发现它在一些镁铁质岩石中也有高度富集的现象,显示出铟地球化学性质的两面性,因此,全面评价不同地质体中铟的富集规律是解决未来铟资源安全稳定供给的主要途径。预料未来若干年SEDEX和VMS矿床有可能成为铟资源的主要来源,火山岩中的铟异常富集也应当引起足够的重视。铟的主要载体矿物是硫化物。在不同类型的矿床中,铟的富集对矿物有选择性。铟的选择性超常富集(如铟窗、铟爆)机制将是未来一段时间铟成矿作用研究中的重要领域,而铟的原位定量分析技术的突破是解决这一关键科学问题的关键。
Critical Minerals underlies our economic prosperity,national defense security and technological leap. It supports the stable and vigorous development of China’s strategic emerging industries( clean energy industry and photovoltaic solar industry) as important metal raw materials. Major developed economies in the world have carried out the evaluation of critical mineral resources,and formulated corresponding development strategies for them. The evaluation method related to critical minerals has gradually developed from one-dimensional to multi-dimensional,and the factors both environment and recycling rate are considered as evaluation indicators. Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymus Theodor Richter at the Freiberg School of Mines,Saxony,Germany. Now,it is an indispensable key mineral resource for world economic development in high-tech application fields such as semiconductors,solar cells and display devices like LCDS. Indium occurs mainly in deposits which related to zinc,copper and tin,and is recovered as a by-product in the process of zinc smelting. It is generally easy to enrich in the late stage of magmatic crystallization,but it is also highly enriched in some mafic rocks,showing the dual geochemical nature. Comprehensive evaluation of indium enrichment in different geological bodies is the main way to solve the safety and stability supply of indium resources in the future. SEDEX and VMS deposits may become the main sources for indium in the next few years. Abnormal enrichment of indium in volcanic rocks should be paid enough attention. The main carrier mineral for indium is sulfide such as sphalerite. In different types of ores,the enrichment of indium is selective to typical minerals,e. g. cassiterite,sphalerite,chalcopyrite,pyrrhotite. The mechanism of indium selective super-enrichment( such as indium window and indium explosion) is a key scientific issue in the study of indium mineralization in the future,and the breakthrough of in-situ quantitative analysis technology is the key to solve this key problem.
作者
李晓峰
徐净
朱艺婷
吕友虎
LI XiaoFeng;XU Jing;ZHU YiTing;Lü YouHu(Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Institutions of Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《岩石学报》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第11期3292-3302,共11页
Acta Petrologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0602500)资助
关键词
关键矿产资源
铟
超常富集机制
原位分析技术
Critical mineral
Indium
Mechanism of super-enrichment
Micro-analysis
