摘要
纳米化被认为是解决陶瓷脆性的有效途径之一。纳米陶瓷的特殊显微结构决定了其独特的性能,如高强度、高断裂韧性、低温超塑性等。此外,纳米效应还可赋予材料特殊的光、电、磁等功能特性。烧结是纳米陶瓷制备的关键环节,初始颗粒在高温烧结过程中极易长大,因此,合理的烧结技术和工艺是促进陶瓷致密化并控制晶粒长大的重要保证。按照是否存在外场辅助条件及辅助条件类型,本工作将纳米陶瓷烧结技术分为无压烧结、压力辅助烧结、电磁辅助烧结3大类,并结合研究实例讨论其烧结机理。通过对不同烧结技术的特点对比,提出目前纳米陶瓷烧结技术存在的主要挑战并进行展望。
Nanocrystallization is considered as an effective way to solve the brittleness of ceramics.,Nanoceramics exhibit unique properties,such as high strength and fracture toughness,low temperature superplastic,etc.due to the special microstructure.In addition,nano-effect can endow materials with special optical,electrical,magnetic and other functional features.Sintering is a key process for the preparation of nanoceramics.Since the initial particles prefer growing up in the high-temperature sintering process,effective sintering techniques are important to guarantee the densification enhancement and inhibit the grain growth.In this review,some existing sintering techniques were summarized into three categories,i.e.,pressureless sintering,pressure-assisted sintering and electromagnetic assisted sintering,according to the existence and types of auxiliary conditions.In addition,the related sintering mechanisms were also discussed.The challenges of sintering techniques and the prospects were proposed based on the characteristics of different sintering techniques.This review could provide a useful reference for the preparation of nanoceramics in future.
作者
许顺祥
寇华敏
郭亚平
宁聪琴
XU Shunxiang;KOU Huamin;GUO Yaping;NING Congqin(The State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure,Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200050,China;College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)
出处
《硅酸盐学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第12期1768-1775,共8页
Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1103800)
国家自然科学基金(51672304)
关键词
纳米陶瓷
无压烧结
压力辅助烧结
电磁辅助烧结
nanoceramics
pressureless sintering
pressure-assisted sintering
electromagnetic assisted sintering
