摘要
目的 了解河南省某大型燃煤电厂职业病危害因素,研究燃煤发电厂的职业病危害防护、个体防护、应急救援等方面情况,为企业职业卫生管理提出科学建议。方法 2014-2017年通过职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测、检查表法等方法对燃煤发电厂职业病危害进行分析研究。结果 采取了一定的防尘、防毒、防噪声等职业病防护措施,但部分岗位浓度超过了职业接触限值要求;氨短时间接触浓度较大,其中化学水处理单元氨短时间接触浓度范围为24.7~45.0 mg/m^3,最大短时间接触浓度为45.0 mg/m^3,为短时间职业接触限值的1.5倍,其他化学因素符合职业接触限值要求;粉尘浓度超标岗位主要集中在输煤单元皮带、翻车机、斗轮机、破碎机等岗位、脱硫脱硝除尘单元放灰区、电除尘器等岗位,其中输煤单元粉尘短时间接触浓度最大达到32.3 mg/m^3,为短时间职业接触限值的4倍左右;部分工人及岗位噪声强度超过了职业接触限值要求。结论 燃煤发电厂的主要职业病危害为粉尘、噪声、氨等有关因素,应加强职业病危害防护、个体防护及应急救援等。
Objective To understand the occupational hazard factors of a large coal-fired power plant in Henan Province,analyze and study the occupational hazard protection,personal protection,emergency rescue and other aspects of the coal-fired power plan t,and provide scientific advice for the occupational health management in enterprises.Methods From 2014-2017,the occupational hazards of coal-fired power plants were analyzed through occupational health surveys,occupational health tests,and checklist methods.Results Occupational disease prevention measures such as dust prevention,anti poisoning and anti-noise have been adopted,but the concentration of some posts exceeded the occupational exposure limits.The short-term exposure concentration of ammonia wad high,the short-term exposure concentration of ammonia in the chemical water treatment unit was 24.7-45.0 mg/m^3,and the maximum concentration of short-term exposure was 45.0 mg/m^3,which was 1.5 times as much as the short-term occupational exposure limit,while the concentrations of other chemical factors met the requirements of occupational exposure limits.The positions with excessive dust concentration mainly concentrated in the coal conveyor unit b elt,locomotives,bucket turbines,crushers,as well as ashing area of desulfurization,denitration and dust removal u n it,electrostatic precipitator,in which the maximum short-term exposure concentration of dust in coal handling unit reached 32.3 mg/m^3 .which was 4 times as much as the short-term occupational exposure limit.The noise intensity of some workers and posts exceeded the requirements of the occupational exposure limit.Conclusion The main occupational hazards of the coal-fired power plant are dust,noise and ammonia.It is necessary to strengthen occupational protection,personal protection and emergency rescue.
作者
蒋猛
朱万坤
JIANG Mengl;ZHU Wan-kun(Henan Mine Rescue and Relief Center,Zhengzhou Henan,450016,China;Occupational Health Department,Henan Anping Monitoring and Inspection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou Henan,450016,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2019年第22期3037-3041,3045,共6页
Occupation and Health
关键词
燃煤电厂
职业病危害
防护设施
Coal-fired power plant
Occupational hazards
Protective facilities
