摘要
结直肠癌是成人第三大恶性肿瘤,是导致成人死亡的主要恶性肿瘤之一。儿童结直肠癌(PCRC)是一类罕见的非胚胎性肿瘤,发病率显著低于成人。由于PCRC临床表现不典型,加上儿科医生缺乏诊疗经验,早期诊断极为困难,导致确诊时往往临床分期较晚。目前对PCRC的发病机制仍不清楚,各国均开始从基因、分子和细胞等层面开展研究。无论是在肿瘤的原发灶还是转移灶,PCRC与成人结直肠癌均存在明显分布差异,同时其病理类型为黏液腺癌(含印戒细胞癌)的比例又显著高于成人,导致其虽根据成人结直肠癌治疗指南开展治疗,却始终无法达到理想效果,患儿长期生存率低。本文旨在通过综述国内外最新文献,以期对PCRC的流行病学特点、发病机制研究、临床症状、病理类型、治疗和预后等相关问题进行概述。
Colorectal carcinoma(CRC)is the third most common malignancy in adults.Pediatric colorectal carcinoma(PCRC)is a rare non-embryonal tumor with a significantly lower incidence compared to adults.The clinical manifestations of PCRC are not typical,and pediatricians usually have no enough experience in diagnosis and treatment.Therefore,early diagnosis is extremely difficult,which would always lead to late clinical stages when diagnosis is made.At present,the pathogenesis of PCRC is still not clear,and many countries have started to carry out researches at the level of genes,molecules and cells.In both tumor primary tumors and distant metastases,PCRC has obvious difference in distribution from adults,and the proportion of pathological type of mucous adenocarcinoma(including the signet ring cell carcinoma)was significantly higher than that of adults.Although treated according to adult colorectal cancer guidelines,PCRC has been unable to achieve ideal efficacy with poor prognosis and lower long-term survival rate.The purpose of this paper is to summarize the epidemiological characteristics,pathogenesis,clinical symptoms,pathological types,treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer in children by reviewing the latest literatures at home and abroad.
作者
严佳虞
陈亚军
Yan Jiayu;Chen Yajun(National Center of Children′s Health,Department of General Surgery,Beijing Children Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100045,China)
出处
《中华胃肠外科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第12期1216-1220,共5页
Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery
关键词
结直肠肿瘤
儿童
发病机制
病理类型
诊断
治疗
Pediatric colorectal carcinoma
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Diagnosis
Treatment
