摘要
副词作为重要的语序参项之一,与形容词、名词、动词等的位置关系有一定的蕴涵规律。Greenberg 45条共性中的第21条是对副词与其他词类关系蕴涵共性的描述。参考对世界六大语言区域中大部分语言的语序调查,发现英语中词类的语序等级(可别度)是:名词>形容词>副词。但汉语词类却体现出汉语与英语四分词类划分的不一致性以及词类语序可识别度的不同。汉语的主观性以及重叠、双音等形态对词类的转换作用,将汉语划分为大名词和饰词两大类,其中大名词涵盖名词和动词,饰词涵盖形饰词和副饰词两类。汉语词序层级是:大名词>饰词为第一层级;名词>动词,形饰词>副饰词并列为第二层级。
Adverbs, as one of the important word order parameters, have certain implicaturerelation in regard to the positionof adjectives, nouns, verbs etc. Article 21 of Greenberg’s 45 universals is a description of the implicature universalsbetween adverbs and others’ word order. Referring to the word order survey of most languages in the six major language regions of the world, it is found that the rank of word order in English is noun > adjective > adverb(">" means higher differentiability). However, the strong subjectivity and pattern of Chinese parts of speech reflect the inconsistency of the division of parts of speech among adverbs and others between Chinese and English, and the difference in the recognizability of word order of parts of speech. Because of the subjectivity of Chinese and the transformation of parts of speech by overlapping and disyllabic forms, Chinese is divided into two categories: big nouns and adjectives, in which big nouns cover nouns and verbs, and adjectives cover adjectives and adverbs. With the words division, it comes to the conclusion that the order of Chinese words is: big noun > modifier, the first level;noun > verb, adjective > adverb, the second level. The differences in the division of parts of speech between Chinese and English and in the word order of adverbs can provide a new dimension for the typology of words categories.
作者
贾娟
JIA Juan(School of Foreign Languages and Literature,Fudan Univeristy,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《安徽工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2019年第5期53-55,共3页
Journal of Anhui University of Technology：Social Sciences
关键词
英语
汉语
副词
词类
语序
类型学
English
Chinese
adverbs
parts of speech
word order
typology
