摘要
【目的】探讨不同生育期干旱胁迫对设施栽培葡萄水分利用效率、产量和品质的影响。【方法】在甘肃省永登县设施葡萄试验基地开展了葡萄滴灌不同生育期水分调控田间灌溉试验,在葡萄新梢生长、开花、果实膨大、着色成熟期分别以55%田间持水率(θ_f)为灌水下限的干旱胁迫处理,依次为新梢生长期干旱胁迫(PS)、开花期干旱胁迫(FS)、果实膨大期干旱胁迫(ES)、着色成熟期干旱胁迫(CS),其他生育期灌水下限均为75%θ_f;全生育期以75%θ_f为灌水下限的处理为(CK)充分供水,研究了不同处理对葡萄粒径膨大速率、产量、水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)以及品质的影响。【结果】新梢生长期干旱胁迫处理能抑制葡萄粒径膨大,但不会影响其生长的"双S"变化规律,且复水后粒径恢复生长并出现复水补偿效应;横、纵径在膨大期后14 d左右和52 d左右时达到膨大高峰,且第1次膨大高峰时的膨大速率远大于第2次的;新梢期和着色成熟期干旱胁迫较对照依次增产44.6%、42.5%,WUE依次提高71%、57%,果实膨大期干旱胁迫较CK可减产9.7%,WUE降低1.2%;新梢生长期、开花期和果实膨大期干旱胁迫单穂质量、单粒质量均显著(P<0.05)高于CK,开花期干旱胁迫花青素量显著(P<0.05)高于CK,着色成熟期干旱胁迫果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、可溶性固形物量显著(P<0.05)高于CK,并可抑制葡萄果实可滴定酸的积累;隶属函数综合分析表明,着色成熟期干旱胁迫葡萄产量和品质最优。【结论】着色成熟期干旱胁迫为当地设施栽培葡萄最佳的水分调控处理,可达到节水和提高葡萄果实产量和品质的生产效果,其水分调控模式为:土壤含水率为田间持水率的55%~80%,灌水定额为270 m^3/hm^2。
【Objective】The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of drought stress at different growth stages on water use efficiency, yield and quality of grape in greenhouse cultivation.【Method】The field irrigation experiment of water regulation in different growth stages of grape drip irrigation was carried out at the facility grape test base in Yongdeng County, Gansu Province.In the growth, flowering, fruit expansion and coloring stage of grape shoots, a field water holding capacity(FC) water supply level with a lower limit of 55% soil moisture was set, and the lower limit 75% θ_f was used as control. The effects of different treatments on grape particle size expansion, yield, WUE, and quality were studied.【Result】The drought stress treatment of new shoots could inhibit the expansion of grape grain size, but it would not affect the"double S"variation of growth, and the particle size returned to growth after rehydration and the rehydration compensation effect appeared. The horizontal and vertical diameters reached the peak of expansion at about 14 d and 52 d after the expansion period, and the expansion rate at the first peak of expansion was much larger than that at the second time;The drought stress in the new shoot period and the coloring mature period increased by 44.6% and 42.5%, respectively, and the WUE increased by 71% and 57%, respectively. The drought stress in the fruit expansion period decreased by 9.7% compared with the control, and the WUE decreased by 1.2%.The growth stress and single grain weight of the new shoots in the growth stage, flowering stage and fruit expansion stage were significantly higher(P<0.05) than the control, and the anthocyanin content in the drought stress was significantly higher(P<0.05) than the control. The content of fructose, sucrose, glucose and soluble solids in the drought stress at maturity was significantly higher than that of the control, and inhibited the accumulation of titratable acid in grape fruit. The comprehensive analysis of the membership function showed that the comprehensive quality of the drought-stressed grapes was the best.【Conclusion】The drought stress in the mature stage of coloring is the best water regulation treatment for grape cultivation in local facilities.It can achieve the production effect of saving water and improving the yield and quality of grape fruit. The water regulation mode is as follows: soil water is 55%~80% of field water holding capacity, and irrigation quota is 270 m^3/hm^2.
作者
蔺宝军
张芮
董博
温文
高彦婷
王引弟
杨昌钰
王腾飞
LIN Baojun;ZHANG Rui;DONG Bo;WENWen;GAO Yanting;WANG Yindi;YANG Changyu;WANG Tengfei(College ofWater Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gansu province,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第12期11-18,共8页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51769001,51569002)
甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(18JR3RA186)
陇原青年创新创业人才项目(2019-9)
甘肃农业大学科技创新基金项目(GSAUXKJS2018076)
