摘要
内蒙古“十大孔兑”之一的西柳沟流域土壤侵蚀十分严重,是黄河粗泥沙的重要来源区。发生在2016年8月的“8·17”暴雨的中心区域在西柳沟流域中上游,为了解“8·17”暴雨洪水过程中的土壤侵蚀和产沙情况,利用淤地坝实测淤积资料和通用土壤流失方程分析计算了西柳沟龙头拐水文站以上流域的坡面侵蚀产沙量、沟道侵蚀产沙量和土壤侵蚀强度等。结果表明:“8·17”暴雨洪水中流域侵蚀产沙总量为893.80万t,其中坡面产沙量为477.56万t、沟道产沙量为416.24万t,平均侵蚀强度为7672.10 t/km^2,淤地坝拦沙量380.80万t,龙头拐水文站输沙量为539.00万t。该次暴雨洪水的侵蚀强度和侵蚀产沙量与历史典型暴雨洪水的相比明显变小,说明近年来西柳沟流域水土保持措施取得了显著效果。分析表明,沟道是西柳沟流域侵蚀产沙的重要地貌部位,淤地坝在该次暴雨洪水中发挥了重要的拦沙作用。
Xiliugou is one of the“ten main streams”that flow into the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia and its watershed has very serious soil erosion and is an important source of coarse sediment in the Yellow River region.The center of August 17,2016 rain⁃storm occurred in the upper and middle reaches of Xiliugou watershed.In order to understand the characters of soil erosion and flood in the process of August 17 rainstorm,the sediment yield on the slope and from the gully were calculated by using the measured data of sediment re⁃tention of check-dams and USLE model.The analysis results show that the total sediment yield is 8.938 million tons and average erosion in⁃tensity is 7,672.1 t/km^2 in the whole Xiliugou region during the storm.Among them,the sediment yield from the slope is 4.7756 million tons,the sediment yield from gully is 4.1624 million tons,the amount of sand intercepted by the check-dams is 3.808 million tons and the a⁃mount of sediment transported through the Longtouguai Hydrometric Station is 5.39 million tons.The gross sediment yield and erosion intensi⁃ty in this rainstorm period are significantly less than that of those in the similar historical storm,indicating that the water and soil conservation measures in the Xiliugou watershed have achieved significant effects in recent years.It also shows that gully is an important geomorphic area of the erosion and sediment yield and check-dams play an important role in sand interception in this storm in the Xiliugou watershed.
作者
杨吉山
史学建
侯素珍
李莉
YANG Jishan;SHI Xuejian;HOU Suzhen;LI Li(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China)
出处
《人民黄河》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第1期82-85,90,共5页
Yellow River
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402408)
黄河水利科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2017-16)
