摘要
为探索获取高产水平时的玉米最佳种植密度和施氮量组合,设置种植密度3个水平,分别为M1(6.0×10^4株/hm^2)、M2(7.5×104株/hm^2)和M3(9.0×10^4株/hm^2)。施纯氮量设5个水平,分别为D1(0)、D2(80 kg/hm^2)、D3(160 kg/hm^2)、D4(240 kg/hm^2)和D5(360 kg/hm^2)。研究了不同密度和施氮量对玉米生长状况及产量特征的影响,结果表明:种植密度和施氮量对玉米的生长发育和产量均有影响。随种植密度的增加,玉米各生育期株高、茎粗、单株干物质积累量及收获期根系形态指标呈现下降趋势,叶面积指数、根系N含量和P2O5含量呈现上升趋势;随施氮量增加,玉米生长各项指标均表现出先增后降的趋势。随种值密度的增加,产量和每公顷穗数呈增加趋势,穗粒数和千粒重呈下降趋势。随施氮量的增加,产量、每公顷穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均表现为先增后降。产量在M3D2处理下达到最大,为8254 kg/hm^2。综合分析建议,敦化地区裸地早熟玉米的适宜种植密度为7.5×10^4株/hm^2,施纯氮量为80 kg/hm^2。
In order to explore the best planting density and nitrogen application combination for maize high yield production,three levels of planting density named as M1(6.0×10^4plants/hm^2),M2(7.5×104plants/hm^2)and M3(9.0×10^4 plants/hm^2),five levels of pure nitrogen application named as D1(0 kg/hm^2),D2(80 kg/hm^2),D3(160 kg/hm^2),D4(240 kg/hm^2)and D5(360 kg/hm^2)were set up.The effects of different densities and nitrogen rates on the growth and yield characteristics of maize were studied.The results showed that plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation per plant and root morphological index at harvest stage with the increase of density showed a downward trend,while leaf area index,root N content and P2O5 content showed an upward trend.With the increase of nitrogen application,all indexes of maize growth showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.With the increase of density,yield and panicle number per hectare increased,while grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight decreased.With the increase of nitrogen application,the yield,panicles per hectare,grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight increased first and then decreased.The maximum yield was 8254 kg/hm^2 under M3D2 treatment.Comprehensive analysis suggested that the suitable planting density of bare early-maturing maize in Dunhua area was 7.5×10^4 plants hm^2,and the application amount of pure nitrogen was 80 kg/hm^2.
作者
夏颖
李海娜
梁运江
曹铁华
梁烜赫
许广波
XIA Ying;LI Haina;LIANG Yunjiang;CAO Tiehua;LIANG Xuanhe;XU Guangbo(Agricultural College of Yanbian University,Yanji Jilin 133002,China;Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun Jilin 130033,China)
出处
《延边大学农学学报》
2019年第4期43-51,共9页
Agricultural Science Journal of Yanbian University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300605)
关键词
密度
氮肥
玉米生长
产量
density
nitrogen fertilizer
maize growth
yield
