摘要
不同尺度的径流侵蚀输沙关系尚未明确,亟待深入研究。为了探究流域径流侵蚀输沙的时空变化特征,基于水蚀动力过程的径流侵蚀功率理论,运用Mann-Kendall法和线性回归法分析了无定河流域1956—2010年年径流侵蚀功率和年径流量的时空变化;利用Mann-Kendall突变点检验,识别出径流的突变年份,对比分析突变年份前后的年径流侵蚀功率和年径流量变化,分析建立了年径流侵蚀功率—输沙相关模型。结果表明:1956—2010年,无定河流域年径流量与年径流侵蚀功率有显著减小趋势,径流突变年份在1971—1985年。突变年份之前流域年径流侵蚀功率平均标准差高于突变年份后;突变年份之后年平均径流侵蚀功率比突变年份前平均减少1.05×10^-4 m 4/(s·km^2);年径流侵蚀功率随流域面积的增大而减小。流域径流侵蚀功率—输沙相关模型相关性显著(p<0.01)。研究阐明了无定河流域年径流侵蚀功率具有减少趋势,在空间上随流域面积增大而减少,在流域年尺度上径流侵蚀功率理论能够较好的表征径流侵蚀输沙关系。
The relationship between runoff erosion and sediment transport at different scales is not clear and needs to be studied deeply.In order to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of runoff erosion and sediment transport,we analyzed the annual runoff erosion power and annual runoff in the Wuding River Basin from 1956 to 2010 based on the Mann-Kendall method and the linear regression method.The Mann-Kendall mutation test was used to identify the year of runoff and the annual runoff erosion power,and to analyze the annual runoff before and after the mutation year.The annual runoff erosion-power correlation model was established.From 1956 to 2010,the annual runoff and annual runoff erosion power of the Wuding River Basin decreased significantly,and the runoff mutation years were between 1971 and 1985.The average standard deviation of annual runoff erosion power before the mutation year was higher than that after the mutation year.The average annual runoff erosion power was 1.05×10^-4 m4/(s·km^2)before the mutation year,and the annual runoff erosion power decreased with the increases of the watershed area.The correlation between the runoff erosion power and sediment transport model was significant(p<0.01).This study shows that the annual runoff erosion power in the Wuding River Basin has the decreasing trend and decreases with the increase of the basin area.The runoff erosion power theory can predict the runoff erosion and sediment transport relationship on the annual scale.
作者
王伟
李占斌
杨瑞
贾路
任宗萍
李鹏
WANG Wei;LI Zhanbin;YANG Rui;JIA Lu;REN Zongping;LI Peng(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi′an University of Technology,Xi′an 710048,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Architecture Engineering,Yan′an University,Yan′an,Shaanxi 716000,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期26-32,共7页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0402404)
国家自然基金“基于能量过程的沟道工程侵蚀阻控机理研究”(51779204)
国家自然科学基金“黄土高原流域植被空间分布量化与侵蚀产沙关系研究”(51609196)
关键词
径流侵蚀能量
侵蚀输沙
尺度效应
径流侵蚀功率
runoff erosion energy
erosion sediment transport
scale effect
runoff erosion power
