论第三人侵害夫妻身份权的民事责任被引量：17

On the Civil Liability of the Third Person to Interfere with the Spouse Right of the Couple

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摘要在现代社会,身份权的削弱与财产权、人格权的开放性与多元化发展形成鲜明对比。夫妻身份权虽已实证化,但其与人格权大不相同,属于“弱意义上的请求权”且不具有对外效力。夫妻身份权如何受侵权法之保护,取决于婚姻共同体的法律地位及背后的价值观。近几十年来,婚姻共同体越来越让位于个人自主决定的价值理念,法律尊重个人的复杂心理需求与情感的自由选择,并严格限制夫妻身份权的保护范围,是比较法上不断变革的实践经验与我国经济与社会发展变迁的趋势。侵害他人婚姻关系的第三人并非侵害身份权的责任主体,除非该第三人的行为严重侵害无过错配偶的一般人格利益。无过错方配偶不能通过侵权法获得救济,而是可以通过离婚损害赔偿获得相应的财产损害与精神损害赔偿。婚姻家庭编具有封闭性,夫妻身份权不应参照人格权的保护方式予以救济。 In modern society,the weakening of the right to identity is in stark contrast to the openness and diversification of property rights and personality rights.Although the husband and wife’s right to identity has been plausible,it is very different from the personality right and belongs to the“weighing right of claim”and has no external effect.How the right to husband and wife is protected by tort law depends on the legal status of the marriage community and the values behind it.In recent decades,the marriage community has increasingly given the value of the individual’s discretion.The law respects the individual’s complex psychological needs and the free choice of emotions,and strictly limits the scope of protection of the husband and wife’s right to be changed.This is the practical experience and the trend of economic and social development in China.A third person who invades a person’s marital relationship is not the subject of the infringement of the right to identity,unless the third person’s conduct seriously violates the general personality interests of the unfailed spouse.A spouse without the fault can obtain compensation for property damage and moral damage through divorce damages.Marriage and family writing are closed,and the right of husband and wife should not be relied on in the form of protection of personality rights.

作者冉克平 RAN Ke-ping(Wuhan University)

机构地区武汉大学法学院

出处《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第1期73-83,共11页 Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基金 2017年国家社科基金“夫妻团体行为的法理分析与规范研究”(17BFX135)

关键词第三人夫妻身份权夫妻忠实义务同居义务身份利益离婚损害赔偿 third person husband and wife status rights husband and wife loyalty obligations cohabitation obligations status benefits divorce damages compensation

分类号 D923.9 [政治法律—民商法学]