摘要
马克思在《1857-1858年经济学手稿》中提到的"具体到抽象""抽象到具体"的两条道路具有各自的理论价值。事实上,它们都隶属于理论实践。在对马克思的"具体"进行辨析的基础上,首先分析了马克思从"具体到抽象"的方法是合理的抽象方法,其结果是作为"理论抽象"的理论实践的结果--唯物史观。在此基础上,马克思又继续分析了从"抽象到具体"的方法是合理的具体方法,其结果是作为"理论具体"的理论实践的结果--政治经济学批判。唯物史观与政治经济学批判都是生长于具体的历史现实之根,两者之间的相通之处在于:相同的前提,即相同的历史条件;相同的逻辑,即作为矛盾进展原则的辩证法;相同的总命题,即实在主体的置身性的交往实践活动。因此,马克思的哲学与政治经济学批判之间具有逻辑的一致性。唯物史观与政治经济学批判,都是具有科学性的理论实践,不可抬高其中的任何一者而贬低另外一者。前者是广义的、一般的唯物史观,后者是狭义的、具体的唯物史观。此外,它们必须与真实的置身性的历史实践相结合,才能构成思与史的辩证法,即历史辩证法。由于历史辩证法是理论实践与历史实践的统一,因此它使得理论与历史都具有了不断敞开、不断生成、不断发展、通过不断出场而永恒在场的特质,因此,历史辩证法是唯物史观活的灵魂。
The two paths of "from concreteness to abstraction" and "from abstraction to concreteness" mentioned by Marx in his 1857-1858 Economic Manuscript had their respective theoretical values.In fact, they both belonged to theoretical practice. On the basis of analyzing Marx’s "concreteness", this paper first analyzed Marx’s method "from concreteness to abstraction", which was a reasonable abstract method, resulting in historical materialism through practice of "theoretical abstraction". Marx continued to show that the second path "from abstraction to concreteness" was a reasonable and concrete method, and its result was the political economic criticism, which was the result of the theoretical practice by "theoretical concreteness".Both "historical materialism" and "political economic criticism" were rooted in concrete historical reality.The similarities between them lay in the following aspects:The same premise, namely the same historical condition.The same logic, namely the contradictory dialectics as the principle progress.The same general issues, namely the communicative practice of the real position subjects.Therefore, there was a logical consistency between Marx’s philosophy and political economic criticism.Historical materialism and political economic criticism were both scientific theoretical practices, and one of them should not be elevated while the other was belittled. The former was a general historical materialism in a broad sense while the latter was a specific historical materialism in a narrow sense.In addition, they must be combined with the real historical practice to form the dialectics of thought and history, that is, historical dialectics.Because historical dialectics was the unity of theoretical practice and historical practice, it made theory and history have the characteristics of continuous opening, generation and development, and then it could make the history permanent presence through continuous appearance.Therefore, historical dialectics was the soul of historical materialism.
作者
孙琳
SUN Lin(School of Marxism,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China)
出处
《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第1期94-101,共8页
Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)
基金
中国博士后面上基金项目(2017M621377)
南京农业大学学科建设教师重点项目(SZJJ2017001ZD)
关键词
唯物史观
政治经济学批判
具体
抽象
历史辩证法
historical materialism
political economic criticism
concreteness
abstraction
historical dialectics
