摘要
政策价值取向规定了政策工具的向度,政策工具是实现政策价值取向的重要手段。中华人民共和国成立以来,我国教师教育政策历经了政治价值取向、经济价值取向和“教师本位”价值回归三个阶段,并呈现出六大特点:利益诉求,由强调“国家本位”走向注重“国家与教师本位”;动力机制,由“外延发展”走向“内涵发展”;价值取向,由“服务政治”“效率优先”走向“公平均衡”;路径探索,由独立封闭走向多元开放;运行机制,由职前培养走向职前培养与职后培训一体化;政策工具,由单一的行政手段走向“混合型”工具集合体。其中的原因既有政策演进内在规律的制约,也有外部因素的影响,包括教育政策价值取向的先导性作用、教师教育政策变迁中的路径依赖、教师教育发展所处的历史背景、教师教育利益主体的博弈,以及国际教育理念的引入与驱动。不再仅仅是对教师教育政策文本进行解读,而是从价值取向和工具选择的视角探讨我国教师教育政策的演进历程,可以促使政策研究者对我国教师教育政策过程展开理性思考,推动教师教育健康持续发展。
Policy value orientation defines the dimensions of policy tools,which are important means to realize policy value orientation.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 70 years ago,China's teacher education policy has gone through three stages of political value orientation,economic value orientation and the return of teacher-based value,and has six characteristics.The interest demand shifts from nation orientation to nation-and-teacher orientation.The motivation shifts from extension development to the connotation development.The value orientation shifts from serving the politics to and efficiency priority to the fair equilibrium.The path exploration transits from separate closedness to diversified openness.The operating mechanism changes from pre-service training to integration of pre-service training and post-service training.The policy tool changes from a single administrative tool to a combination of mixed tools.The reasons of all these changes include not only the restriction of the internal law of policy evolution,but also the influences of external factors including the guiding role of the value orientation of education policy,the path dependence in the changes of teachers'education policy,the historical background of the development of teachers'education,and the game of the main interests of teacher education,and the introduction and drive of international education.It is no longer justifiable to interpret the text of teacher education policy,but to explore the evolution of China's teacher education policy from the perspective of value orientation and tool selection.It can urge policy researchers to think rationally about the process of teacher education policy in China and promote the healthy and sustainable development of teacher education.
作者
谭诤
卢小陶
TAN Zheng;LU Xiaotao(School of Educational Science,Gannan Normal University,Ganzhou 341000,China)
出处
《教师教育学报》
2020年第1期63-69,共7页
Journal of Teacher Education
基金
教育部人文社会科学规划项目“城乡一体化进程中不同家庭文化背景学生融合教育研究”(15YJA880060),项目负责人:谭诤
江西省研究生创新专项资金项目“生态视角下云课堂中的互动研究——基于三所中小学的实证研究”(YC2018-S388),项目负责人:卢小陶
关键词
教师教育政策
价值取向
政策工具
“教师本位”
利益诉求
teacher education policy
value orientation
policy tools
"teacher's standard"
interest demands
