摘要
2016—2018年11—12月,对西安市越冬水鸟种类、数量和分布进行了调查。结果表明,共记录到72种,27357只,隶属10目16科45属。约占陕西省水鸟种数65.5%,约占全国的26.6%。受保护的鸟类有16种,包括国家Ⅰ级保护2种,国家Ⅱ级保护2种,省级重点保护12种。依鸟类区系划分,古北界种类53种,东洋界种类9种和广布种10种。其中鸻形目最多有6科28种,其次是雁形目共1科23种,但数量上鸻鹬类比雁鸭类相差很大。这可能与河流湿地适合鸻鹬类停歇地的滩涂面积大小有关。渭河湿地的多样性是最高的为1.217;其次是灞河湿地为1.112。这两条河流水域较宽,滩涂面积较大,生境类型多样化,使得水鸟的种类和数量上均较高。而其他河流的水鸟种类和数量均较少,这可能是与河道狭窄、水量少、水质严重下降和工程建设的强烈人为干扰等方面导致了水鸟种类和数量的下降。
We investigated the species,numbers and distribution of wintering waterbirds at Xi'an,Shaanxi,China,from November to December in 2016 to 2018.We recorded 27357 birds,representing 72 species of 45 genera,16 families and 10 orders.The recorded species accounted for about 66.5%of waterbird species in Shaanxi province,and about 26.6%of those recorded in China.Sixteen recorded species are protected,of which two species are listed as First-Class State Protected Wildlife in China,two species are listed as Second-Class State Protected Wildlife in China,and 12 species are listed as protected in Shaanxi Province.Fifty-three species are Palaearctic in distribution,nine species are Oriental,and 10 species are globally widespread.We recorded 28 species of 6 families of charadriiforms and 23 species of 1 family of anseriforms,but numbers of charadriiforms were significantly lower than those of anseriforms.This might have been related to the size of the suitable mudflats for charadriiforms.The diversity of waterbirds on the Wei River(Weihe)was highest at 1.217,followed by diversity on the Ba River(Bahe)at 1.112.Numbers of waterbird species and waterbird counts were higher on these two rivers because of the wider water area,larger zone of periodic inundation,and more diverse habitat types.Numbers of waterbird species and waterbird counts were lower on other rivers,possibly due to their narrower channels,lower water flow,or poorer water quality and and more intensive human disturbance.
作者
汪青雄
肖红
杨超
罗磊
高学斌
侯玉宝
WANG Qingxiong;XIAO Hong;YANG Chao;LUO Lei;GAO Xuebin;HOU Yubao(Institute of Zoology of Shaanxi Province,Xi'an,710032,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2020年第1期100-107,共8页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
西安市农业林业委员会“西安市第一次野生动物资源调查项目”
生态环境部生物多样性保护专项
关键词
越冬水鸟
种类数量
分布特征
西安市
Wintering waterbird
Species numbers
Distribution characteristic
Xi'an
