摘要
【目的】研究深松耕对红壤坡地土层特性和玉米产量的影响,筛选适宜云南红壤坡地土壤深松耕的深度和耕作措施,为红壤坡地合理耕层构建提供依据。【方法】实验设置常规旋耕20 cm(CK),免耕耕深0 cm(S0),深松耕30 cm(S30)和深松耕40 cm(S40)等4个不同的耕深处理,种植方式为直播玉米,冬季休闲,田间管理和施肥方式一致。【结果】实验结果表明,处理S0、处理S30和处理S40第1年对玉米产量无显著影响,生物学产量均显著增加,增产率分别为11.66%、14.69%和5.07%;第2年玉米产量增产率分别为3.22%、22.03%和14.14%,生物学产量增产率为-1.81%、15.61%和5.27%;第3年玉米产量增产率分别为28.71%、22.00%和5.69%,生物学产量增产率为16.86%、14.86%和3.76%。0~20 cm土层处理,S0土壤容重3年平均降幅2.83%,土壤紧实度增加33.20%,土壤含水量降低5.73%;处理S30降低土壤容重和土壤紧实度,降幅分别为3.88%和3.95%,土壤含水量增加5.44%;处理S40土壤容重降低0.52%,土壤紧实度增加7.70%。20~40 cm土层,处理S0土壤容重降低3.41%,土壤紧实度增加7.54%,土壤含水量增加6.21%;处理S30土壤容重降低9.23%,土壤紧实度降低20.27%,土壤含水量增加13.80%;处理S40土壤容重降低8.79%,土壤紧实度降低15.38%,土壤含水量增加7.99%。40~60 cm土层,处理S0土壤容重降低3.17%,土壤紧实度增加35.53%,土壤含水量增加2.86%;处理S30土壤容重降低1.48%,土壤紧实度增加21.93%,土壤含水量增加3.00%;处理S40土壤容重降低4.86%,土壤紧实度降低2.84%,土壤含水量增加7.84%。【结论】深松耕30 cm对山原红壤坡地玉米的产量有促进作用,为较适宜的耕作措施。
【Objective】The effects of deep ploughing on soil characteristics and maize yield of red soil sloping land,and the suitable subsoiling depth and operation measures were selected to provide a basis for the rational construction of red soil sloping land.【Methods】In this study,four different tillage treatments including conventional rotary tillage 20 cm(CK),no-tillage(S0),subsoiling 30 cm(S30)and subsoiling 40 cm(S40)were set up.The planting methods was sowing maize with identical field management and fertilization methods.【Results】The results showed that treatments S0,S30 and S40 had no significant effect on maize yield,but in the first year,the biological yield increased significantly by 11.66%,14.69%and 5.07%,respectively.In the second year,the yield increased by 3.22%,22.03%and 14.14%,respectively.The biological yield increased-1.81%,15.61%,5.27%,respectively;In the third year,the yield of corn increased by 28.71%,22.00%and 5.69%,respectively,the biological yield increased by 16.86%,14.86%and 3.76%,respectively.In the 0-20 cm soil layer,with S0 treatment,soil bulk density decreased by 2.83%in three years,soil compaction increased by 33.20%,soil water content decreased by 5.73%;with S30 treatment,soil bulk density and soil compaction reduced by 3.88%and 3.95,respectively,soil water content increased by 5.44%;with S40 treatment,soil bulk density decreased by 0.52%,soil compaction increased by 7.70%.In the 20-40 cm soil layer,with S0 treatment,soil bulk density decreased by 3.41%,the soil compaction increased by 7.54%,the soil water content increased by 6.21%;with S30 treatment,soil bulk density decreased by 9.23%,the soil compaction decreased by 20.27%,and the soil water content increased by 13.80%;with S40 treatment,soil weight loss decreased by 8.79%,soil compaction decreased by 15.38%,and soil water content increased by 7.99%.In the 40-60 cm soil layer,with S0 treatment,soil bulk density decreased by 3.17%,soil compaction increased by 35.53%,soil water content increased by 2.86%;with S30 treatment,soil bulk density decreased by 1.48%,soil compaction increased by 21.93%,soil water content increased by 3.00%;with S40 treatment,soil weight loss decreased by 4.86%,soil compaction decreased by 2.84%,soil water content increased by 7.84%.【Conclusion】Deep ploughing was a suitable tillage measure that could promote the yield of maize on the slope of red soil in Yunnan Province,and the suitable depth of subsoiling was 30 cm in this experimental area.
作者
杨群辉
张庆
王应学
何翔
杨佩文
赵德柱
倪明
朱红业
YANG Qun-hui;ZHANG Qing;WANG Ying-xue;HE Xiang;YANG Pei-wen;ZHAO De-zhu;NI Ming;ZHU Hong-ye(Institute of Agricultural Environmental Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China;College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Yunnan Kunming 650201,China;Malong Soil and Fertilizer Station,Yunnan Qujing 655100,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第12期2783-2789,共7页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503119-03-02)
国家自然科学基金(31663600)
农业农村部西南山地农业环境重点实验室开放基金(AESMA-OPP-2019001)
关键词
红壤
深松耕
土壤容重
土壤水分
土壤紧实度
Red soil
Deep ploughing
Soil bulk density
Soil moisture
Soil compaction
