摘要
火葬场遗体火化和祭品焚烧过程中会产生有害大气污染物,导致场所内PM2.5和VOCs排放浓度较高,进而影响周边大气环境质量和人体健康.为探究火葬场场所PM2.5和VOCs浓度水平及其化学组分特征,对国内11家火葬场场所的PM2.5进行样品采集和监测,分析其浓度水平及组分,并对火化车间VOCs进行采样和分析,从而识别了火葬场场所PM2.5和VOCs及其化学组分的排放特征,在此基础上提出相应的控制对策.结果表明:由于焚烧设备密闭性较差及污染控制程度低且废气低空排放,导致火葬场场所PM2.5浓度较高,火化车间PM2.5的平均排放浓度可达670μg·m^-3,厂界PM2.5的平均排放浓度为305μg·m^-3,远高于环境空气浓度水平;火葬场场所PM2.5化学组分中有机物占比较高,火化车间VOCs的主要化学组分为烯烃、烷烃、苯及苯系物.为降低火葬场场所的污染浓度,应加强焚烧设备的运行和维护,减少无组织排放,遗体火化机和祭品焚烧炉应安装高效的烟气净化装置,提升污染物的去除效率,保护周边环境和人体健康.
The process of cremation and incineration of sacrificial offerings will produce hazardous atmospheric pollutants, resulting in high concentrations of PM2.5 and VOCs in the boundary of crematorium, affecting the surrounding atmospheric environment quality and human health. In order to explore the concentration levels of PM2.5 and VOCs in the crematorium and their chemical composition characteristics, sample collection and monitoring of PM2.5 in 11 crematorium sites were conducted, and their concentration levels and components were analyzed to identify the emission characteristics of PM2.5 and VOCs in the crematorium, corresponding control strategies were proposed. The results show that PM2.5 concentration in the boundary of crematorium is much higher than the ambient air quality level because of poor tightness of the incineration equipment and the low degree of organized pollution control. The average emission concentration of PM2.5 could reaches to 670 μg·m^-3 in the cremation workshop. Organic matter accounts for a large proportion in PM2.5, and the main chemical components of VOCs in the cremation workshop are olefins, alkanes, benzene and benzene. To reduce the pollution concentration in the boundary of crematorium, the operation and maintenance of incineration equipment should be strengthened;the cremators and sacrificial incinerators should be equipped with efficient flue gas purification devices to improve the removal efficiency of pollutants and protect the surrounding environment and human health.
作者
刘杰
翟晓曼
陈曦
张世豪
邢啸林
王宝成
王俊
薛亦峰
王玮
LIU Jie;ZHAI Xiaoman;CHEN Xi;ZHANG Shihao;XING Xiaolin;WANG Baocheng;WANG Jun;XUE Yifeng;WANG Wei(Key Laboratory of Pollution Control of Ministry of Civil Affairs,101 Institute of Ministry of Civil Affairs,Beijing 100070;College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048;National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037;Beijing Municipal Solid Waste and Chemical Management Center,Beijing 100089;School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036)
出处
《环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第12期4207-4214,共8页
Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.21806012)
北京市优秀人才培养资助项目(No.2017000021733G105)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(No.118011000000150004)
