摘要
原料的反应特性、反应器入口分配效果、催化剂体系及其级配技术会影响RHT渣油加氢装置的高效运行。原料的反应特性影响催化剂的杂原子脱除率和残炭前身物加氢转化性能,还会影响催化剂的失活机制和装置运转周期;反应器入口分配效果不佳会导致较高的床层径向温差;催化剂级配不合理会影响整体催化剂的活性和稳定性;渣油的分子大、黏度高,在催化剂中传质阻力大,扩散速度慢。针对这些影响RHT装置高效运行的主要因素,中国石化石油化工科学研究院结合基础研究和应用研究的结果,开发了相应的RHT系列技术,包括量体裁衣的RHT催化剂及级配技术、原油脱钙技术、反应器物流高效分配技术、可切除和可轮换的保护反应器工艺以及RICP系列工艺。根据RHT装置加工原料的特点以及全厂总流程的安排,针对不同的RHT装置提出了不同的整体解决方案。3套RHT装置的工业应用结果表明,实施整体解决方案后,RHT装置均实现了高效运行。
The high efficient operation of RHT unit is greatly influenced by feed properties,fluid distribution in reactor,catalysts and the graded loading technology.The feedstock not only influences the removal rate of hetero-atoms and CCR,but also impose an impact on the deactivation mechanism and the unit operating cycle.The inefficient fluid distribution leads to a higher radial temperature difference in reactor.The catalyst grading schemes can directly influence the activity and stability of the loaded catalysts.The mass transfer and diffusion of the residual are suffered due to the very high molecular weight and viscosity of residual oils.To solve these problems,based on the understanding of these influencing factors and practical operational experience,a series of corresponding RHT technologies were proposed by RIPP:tailored catalysts and grading technologies,crude pre-decalcification technologies,higher-efficient fluent distribution technology,switchable protection reactor technology as well as RICP technologies.According to the properties of feeds and the general process of the whole plant,several overall solutions were proposed for different RHT units.Commercial applications in three plants showed that long-term efficient operations with the overall solutions were realized.
作者
邵志才
刘涛
邓中活
胡大为
沈明欢
王少兵
戴立顺
杨清河
Shao Zhicai;Liu Tao;Deng Zhonghuo;Hu Dawei;Shen Minghuan;Wang Shaobing;Dai Lishun;Yang Qinghe(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing,Beijing 100083)
出处
《石油炼制与化工》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期31-37,共7页
Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals
基金
中国石油化工股份有限公司合同项目(115078)
关键词
RHT固定床渣油加氢
高效运行
整体解决方案
RHT fixed bed residue hydrotreating
high efficient operation
overall solution
