摘要
长江上游地区集中了长江流域近90%的水能资源,梯级开发和河道渠化导致河流原有生境破碎化、鱼类多样性丧失,水电开发与水生态保护之间的矛盾日益突出。文章系统收集了长江上游流域水生生物自然保护区、水产种质资源保护区和水电梯级开发现状资料并矢量化。在此基础上,结合流域鱼类多样性特点,分析了当前水电开发背景下长江上游鱼类资源变化以及保护区建设与管理存在的主要问题,提出了开展保护区普查和管理效果评估、优化空间布局,实施鱼类关键栖息地生态修复,实施上游濒危特有鱼类拯救行动计划,建立生态补偿机制,强化科研监测和基础研究等建议,为长江上游水电开发和水域生态保护的协调发展提供了科学依据。
Nearly 90%of the hydropower resources in the Yangtze River basin are concentrated in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.The cascaded hydropower dams and river channelization have caused habitat fragmentation and loss of fish diversity,which has aggravated the contradictions between hydropower development and environmental protection.This paper collected data on aquatic reserves(i.e.natural reserves and aquatic germplasm resources conservation zones)and cascade dams in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,and vectorized the data in ArcGIS.Taking into account the diversity,richness and distribution of fish,we analyzed the changes in fish resources and the problems in the construction and management of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Therefore,several strategies have been proposed to reduce the conflicts between hydropower development and aquatic ecosystem protection,including conducting reserve census,evaluating management effectiveness of the protected areas for spatial optimization of the reserve networks,implementing the ecological restoration of essential fish habitats,implementing the rescue action plan for the upper Yangtze endangered endemic fish,establishing an efficient ecological compensation mechanism,and strengthening scientific monitoring and related research.These recommendations will provide a scientific basis for the coordinated development of hydropower exploitation and river ecological protection in the upper Yangtze River.
作者
林鹏程
王春伶
刘飞
刘猛
刘焕章
王小明
于江
朱昕
LIN Peng-Cheng;WANG Chun-Ling;LIU Fei;LIU Meng;LIU Huan-Zhang;WANG Xiao-Ming;YU Jiang;ZHU Xin(The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Acaelerny of Sciences,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Powerchina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited,Chengdu 610072,China;China Three Gorges Projects Development Co.,Ltd,Chengdu 610041,China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第S01期130-143,共14页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
三峡工程鱼类资源保护湖北省重点实验室开放课题
中国科学院特色研究所项目(支撑长江经济带可持续发展的生态环境保护战略对策研究)
三峡工程后续工作(2136902)
中国生物多样性监测与研究网络-内陆水体鱼类多样性监测专项网资助。
关键词
长江上游流域
珍稀、特有鱼类
空间分析
保护空缺
生态修复
The upper Yangtze River basin
Rare and endemic fish
Spatial analysis
Conservation gap
Ecological restoration
