摘要
肠道微生物对人体健康和疾病发生发展都有着重要的影响。健康的肠道菌群不仅可以保护宿主免受病原菌的侵袭,还可以参与人体多项生理过程,包括生物活性代谢物的产生、免疫调节、糖脂代谢、维持体内平衡等。膳食中的脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物作为主要的营养素,在为人类机体提供能量的同时,也对肠道菌群的组成产生重要影响。精准营养旨在结合膳食指南,根据不同个体对营养的需求以及自身基因、肠道菌群的差异,提供科学的个性化膳食建议,以期实现对疾病的预防和控制。但精准营养的发展还存在着诸多方法学上的局限。本文主要回顾了肠道菌群、膳食与健康三者之间的相互关系,指出肠道菌群在精准营养与健康研究中的重要作用和发展前景,重点提出在人群队列水平将人工智能算法应用于肠道微生物组等多组学大数据的必要性及其对精准营养研究的关键作用。
Gut microbiota performs an essential role in health and disease.Several studies have found that gut microbiota can modify the host’s metabolism including inflammation,glucose metabolism and hepatic lipid metabolism as well as affecting homeostasis.Fat,protein and carbohydrate as the main macronutrients can provide energy for the body,and different types along with quantity consumed can dramatically influence gut microbiota composition and functionality.With the integration of other omics and machine learning,personalised nutritional intervention has offered a promising approach for advice and better prevention and management of diseases based on the optimal nutrition guidelines and the characterization of the individual dietary needs,their genetic and gut microbiota background.This review aims to discuss recent work on the association among the gut microbiota,dietary components and the subsequent consequences for human health,as well as the role of gut microbiota in predicting response to diet and the development of precision nutrition models.This review also highlights that the application of artificial intelligence or machine learning skills for the integration of gut microbiome with the other omics in human cohorts is critical for the development of precision nutrition.
作者
田韵仪
董志忠
郑钜圣
TIAN Yunyi;DONG Zhizhong;ZHENG Jusheng(School of Life Sciences,Westlake University,Hangzhou 310024,China;Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,Westlake Institute for Advanced Study,Hangzhou 310024,China;COFCO Nutrition&Health Research Institute,Beijing 102209,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition&Health and Food Safety,Beijing 102209,China)
出处
《生物产业技术》
2019年第6期13-25,共13页
Biotechnology & Business
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(81903316)
北京工商大学中加食品营养与健康联合实验室基金项目(KFKT-ZJ-201801)
北京市科技计划项目(D171100008017002)
关键词
肠道菌群
膳食干预
精准营养
代谢性疾病
神经性疾病
人工智能
gut microbiota
nutritional intervention
precision nutrition
metabolic disease
central nervous system disease
artificial intelligence
