摘要
为缓解畜牧业发展所需饲草与粮食生产争地的严峻形势,开发水稻粮饲兼用种植模式,采用裂区设计,设置头季水稻刈割时期(抽穗开花期、灌浆期和蜡熟期)为主区,留茬高度(25 cm、35 cm和45 cm)为副区,研究了头季水稻刈割时期和留茬高度对头季干饲草和青贮饲草产量和品质及再生稻籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,随着头季水稻刈割时间的推迟,头季干饲草和青贮饲草产量均呈逐渐增加的趋势,再生稻籽粒产量呈逐渐减小的趋势;随着头季水稻刈割时留茬高度的增加,头季干饲草和青贮饲草产量均呈逐渐减小的趋势;抽穗开花期刈割留茬高度越低再生稻籽粒产量越高,而灌浆期和蜡熟期刈割留茬高度越高再生稻籽粒产量越高。抽穗开花期刈割头季水稻干饲草品质最优,蜡熟期刈割头季水稻青贮饲料品质最优,均达优质一级标准。综上,该种植方式创新了2种水稻栽培模式:一是以再生稻米为主、优质饲草为辅,在水稻抽穗开花期刈割,25 cm留茬高度可收获优质一级干饲草10.51 t/hm^2,再生季可收获稻米10.58 t/hm^2;二是以优质饲草为主、再生稻米为辅,在蜡熟期刈割,25 cm留茬高度可收获优质一级青贮饲草34.66 t/hm^2,再生季可收获稻米4.21 t/hm^2,是实现种植业和养殖业有机融合的新途径。
In order to alleviate the serious situation of land used for growing food and herbage crops,and develop the planting model of rice for both grain and feed,split plot design was carried out,clipping stage(heading-blooming stage,filling stage and wax maturity stage)was set as the main plot,stubble height(25 cm,35 cm and 45 cm)was set as the sub-plot,and the effect of clipping stage and stubble height on the yield,quality of dry herbage and silage of first-season rice and the grain yield of ratoon rice was studied.The results showed that the yield of dry herbage and silage of first-season rice increased,and the yield of ratoon rice decreased gradually with the delay of clipping time.Regarding to the stubble height,the yield of dry herbage and silage of the first-season rice decreased gradually with the increase of stubble height,while higher yield of ratoon rice was harvested when the lower of the stubble height in the heading-blooming stage and higher of the stubble height in the filling stage and the wax maturity stage.The quality of dry herbage clipped at heading-blooming stage and silage clipped at wax maturity stage was the best,both reaching the first grade according to the standard.Taken together,two candidate cultivation technologies of rice served as food and herbage crops are recommended.First,ratoon rice is main,and high quality dry herbage is as a supplement.In detail,when first-season rice is clipped at heading-blooming stage with 25 cm stubble height,10.51 t/ha high-quality first-grade dry herbage and 10.58 t/ha ratoon rice will be harvested.Second,high quality silage is main,and ratoon rice is as a supplement.In detail,wihen first-season rice is clipped at wax maturity stage with 25 cm stubble height,34.66 t/ha high-quality first-grade silage and 4.21 t/ha ratoon rice will be harvested.The above two cultivation technologies are new ways to realize the organic integration of planting industry and breeding industry.
作者
彭廷
王童童
李玲子
陈亚蓝
静莉丽
王家琪
王成章
张静
滕永忠
赵全志
PENG Ting;WANG Tongtong;LI Lingzi;CHEN Yalan;JING Lili;WANG Jiaqi;WANG Chengzhang;ZHANG Jing;TENG Yongzhong;ZHAO Quanzhi(Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province/Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Henan Agricultural Radio and Television School,Zhengzhou 450008,China;Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Xinyang 464006,China;College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2020年第2期27-33,共7页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省水稻产业技术体系项目(S2012-04-02)
关键词
水稻
刈割时期
留茬高度
再生稻
饲草
青贮
产量
品质
Rice
Clipping stage
Stubble height
Ratoon rice
Herbage
Silage
Yield
Quality
