摘要
Walkaway VSP cannot obtain accurate velocity field,as it asymmetrically reflects ray path and provides uneven coverage to underground target,thereby presenting issues related to imaging quality.In this study,we propose combining traveltime tomography and prestack depth migration for VSP of an angle-domain walkaway,in a bid to establish accurate two-dimensional and three-dimensional(3 D)velocity models.First,residual curvature was defined to update velocity,and an accurate velocity field was established.To establish a high-precision velocity model,we deduced the relationship between the residual depth and traveltime of common imaging gathers(CIGs)in walkaway VSP.Solving renewal velocity using the least squares method,a four-parameter tomographic inversion equation was derived comprising formation dip angle,incidence angle,residual depth,and sensitivity matrix.In the angle domain,the reflected wave was divided into up-and down-transmitted waves and their traveltimes were calculated.The systematic cumulative method was employed in prestack depth migration of a complex surface.Through prestack depth migration,the offset-domain CIGs were obtained,and dip angle was established by defining the stack section horizon.Runge–Kutta ray tracing was employed to calculate the ray path from the reflection point to the detection point,to determine the incident angle,and to subsequently calculate the ray path from the reflection point to the irregular surface.The offset-domain residual depths were mapped to the angle domain,and a new tomographic equation was established and solved.Application in the double complex area of the Tarim Basin showed the four-parameter tomographic inversion equation derived in this paper to be both correct and practical and that the migration algorithm was able to adapt to the complex surface.
变偏移距VSP反射波射线路径是不对称、覆盖次数也不均匀,因此通常使用偏移速度分析、层析反演建立准确的2D、3D速度场,尤其角度域共成像道集最适合偏移速度分析,通常拾取其剩余曲率更新速度,建立准确的速度场。为了建立高精度速度模型,本文推导了VSP角度域共成像道集剩余深度与旅行时残差的关系,用最小二乘求解更新速度,建立了一个四参数层析反演方程,包括地层倾角、入射角、剩余深度、灵敏度矩阵等四个参数。在角度域中将反射波分解为上行、下行两个透射波计算其旅行时。采用"逐步-累加"方式进行复杂地表叠前深度偏移ωx。通过叠前深度偏移得到偏移距域共成像道集,拾取剩余深度;在叠加成像剖面上拾取层位获取地层倾角;利用Runge-Kutta射线追踪计算地层反射点到检波点的射线路径,确定入射角,再计算地层反射点到复杂地表的射线路径;将偏移距域剩余深度映射为角度域,建立层析方程并求解。经模型和塔里木盆地"双复杂"地区Walkaway VSP实测资料验证表明,推导的层析反演方程能建立较准确的速度模型,偏移算法能适应复杂地表。
基金
supported by the national project "Geophysical Complex Technologies for Reservoirs and Unconventional Gas Reservoirs"(No.2017 ZX05018-004-003)
