摘要
为探索冷凉地区露地大白菜在膜下滴灌条件下的耗水规律与节水潜力,在张家口市灌溉试验站内使用大型称重式蒸渗仪,采用灌水下限指标控制灌水的方法,研究了在膜下滴灌条件下大白菜生育期内蒸发蒸腾与棵间蒸发规律,并通过与常规滴灌和膜孔畦灌的耗水量、产量和水分利用效率等对比,揭示了膜下滴灌在该地区节水增产潜力.结果表明:膜下滴灌大白菜全生育期蒸发蒸腾量214.76 mm,其中:幼苗期、莲座期和结球期蒸腾耗水量分别为14.76,73.56和126.44 mm,日均蒸腾强度为3.64 mm/d;全生育期棵间土壤蒸发量41.10 mm,占总耗水量的19.14%.膜下滴灌相比常规滴灌、膜孔畦灌减少大白菜耗水量14.25,94.17 mm,棵间蒸发与膜孔畦灌相近,相比常规滴灌减少16.18 mm(28.25%),但产量、灌溉水利用效率和水分利用效率可以分别达到80439.75 kg/hm^2,350.24 kg/(hm^2·mm),374.56 kg/(hm^2·mm),相比常规滴灌提升11152.65 kg/hm^2,38.28 kg/(hm^2·mm),72.54 kg/(hm^2·mm),相比膜孔畦灌提升14.7 kg/hm^2,134.11 kg/(hm^2·mm),114.23 kg/(hm^2·mm).
To explore the evapotranspiration characteristic and water saving potential of Chinese cabbage under mulched drip irrigation in cold regions,a research was conducted in the Irrigation Pilot Station of Zhangjiakou using the large-scale weighing lysimeter.Irrigation was applied when the soil moisture content reached its designed lower limit of irrigation.The evapotranspiration characteristic of Chinese cabbage,the soil evaporation between cabbages,and water saving potential under mulched drip irrigation were studied by comparation with drip irrigation without mulch and border irrigation.The results reveal that the evapotranspiration of Chinese cabbage under mulched drip irrigation is 214.76 mm which includes 14.76 mm at the seedling stage,73.56 mm at the rosette stage and 126.44 mm at the heading stage.The transpiration intensity during the whole growing period of Chinese cabbage is 3.64 mm/d.During the growing period of the Chinese cabbage,the soil evaporation is 41.1 mm which takes 19.14 percent of the whole water resumed.Compared to the drip irrigation without mulch and border irrigation,the resumes of water under mulched drip irrigation are decreased by 14.25 mm and 94.17 mm,the soil eva-poration between Chinese cabbages is close to that of the border irrigation but 16.18mm less than that of drip irrigation without mulch,however,its yield,IWUE and WUE can arrive at 80439.75 kg/hm^2,350.24 kg/(hm^2·mm)and 374.56 kg/(hm^2·mm)respectively,that is,11152.65 kg/hm^2,38.28 kg/(hm^2·mm),72.54 kg/(hm^2·mm)higher than those of the drip irrigation without mulch and 14.7 kg/hm^2,134.11 kg/(hm^2·mm)and 114.23 kg/(hm^2·mm)higher than those of the border irrigation.
作者
周黎
叶水根
徐飞鹏
李云开
岑剑涛
ZHOU Li;YE Shuigen;XU Feipeng;LI Yunkai;CEN Jiantao(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Efficient Water Ma-nagement Office in Dam Area of Zhangjiakou,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 076450,China)
出处
《排灌机械工程学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期194-199,共6页
Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201504)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51621061)
北京市农业科技项目(20170151)
关键词
大白菜
膜下滴灌
蒸发蒸腾
节水潜力
棵间蒸发
Chinese cabbage
mulched drip irrigation
evapotranspiration
water saving potential
soil evaporation between cabbages
