摘要
学生的法律地位兼具基础稳定性与灵活多变性的二元特征。学生在宪法层面的法律地位为"公民",在教育法层面的法律地位为"受教育者"。理论上不宜将"未成年人"视为"学生法律地位"的一种独立类型,但基于"未成年学生"的身份特殊性,有必要进一步加强对其特殊法律保护与规制。学生的民事法律地位为"自然人",其中,限制或无民事行为能力的未成年学生同时具有"被监护人"的法律身份。在合同法律关系中,学生的法律地位为"合同当事人";在侵权法律关系中,学生既可能为"侵权人",也可能为"被侵权人"。高校在特定情形下具有行政主体资格,在高校与学生之间的行政法律关系中,后者的法律地位为"教育行政相对人"。在不同的行政救济法律关系中,学生相应充当着"申诉人""行政复议申请人""行政诉讼原告"等不同法律角色。在刑事法律关系中,学生既可能为"被害人",也可能为"被告人"或"犯罪嫌疑人"。其中,针对青少年犯罪的诸多问题,应当从多个方面入手,加强综合治理,构建未成年人犯罪防范体系。
Students’ legal status has the dual characteristics of stability and flexibility. The legal status of students is"citizen"at the level of Constitutional law and"educatee"in context of education law. In theory, "minors"should not be regarded as an independent type of"students’ legal status", but based on the special identity as "minors", it is necessary to further strengthen their special legal protection and regulation. The civil legal status of students is "natural person",in which minor students with limited or no civil capacity are entitled to be the"guardian". In the contract legal relationship, the student’s legal status is "the party to a contract";In the legal relationship of infringement, students may be either the"infringer"or the"infringed". Universities are qualified as administrative subject under certain circumstances. In the administrative legal relationship between universities and students, the legal status of the latter is "educational administrative counterpart". In different legal relations of administrative relief, students play different legal roles such as"plaintiff","applicant for administrative review"and"plaintiff in administrative litigation". In criminal law relations, students may be either "victims"or"defendants"or "criminal suspects". Among them, aiming at many problems of juvenile delinquency, we should consider many aspects, strengthen comprehensive treatment, and build a juvenile delinquency prevention system.
出处
《东方法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期123-133,共11页
Oriental Law
基金
2017年教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“多学科视角下校园欺凌防治的理论与行动方案研究”(项目批准号：17YJC880088)
上海市教育法学人才培养计划项目(项目批准号：2016JYFXR013)阶段性研究成果
