摘要
为探明干热区芒果高效生产的灌溉施肥模式,应用微润灌溉施肥技术在西南干热区开展大田芒果试验。以7年生"贵妃芒"为试验材料,设置4种灌溉模式和3个施肥水平。4种灌溉模式为全生育期充分灌溉(FI,100%ETC)和3个生育阶段调亏灌溉(RDI),调亏阶段分别为开花期、膨大期和成熟期(RDIFS、RDIES和RDIMS),调亏阶段的灌水水平为50%ETC,非调亏阶段为100%ETC。3个施肥水平为高肥(FH)、中肥(FM)和低肥(FL)。研究不同水肥处理对芒果光合特性、产量和水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明:不同生育期RDI均可显著减小芒果净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),而增大叶片瞬时水分利用效率(WUEi)。相同灌溉水平下,开花期和膨大期Pn、Gs和Tr随施肥量的增加而增加,WUEi随施肥量的增加先增后减,成熟期Pn、Tr和WUEi随施肥量的增加而增加。与FI处理相比,RDIFS减少芒果单果重量、产量和肥料偏生产力(PFP)分别为11.74%,23.43%,23.98%,RDIES分别减少为21.09%,20.29%,20.50%,RDIES和RDIMS分别提高灌溉水利用效率IWUE为11.87%和32.81%。与FM相比,FH减少产量和IWUE分别为4.17%和4.06%,FL分别减少6.75%和6.67%,PFP随着施肥量的增加而减少。与CK相比,除RDIMSFM处理增加产量6.36%和RDIMSFL增加不明显外,其余处理减少3.14%~31.76%,RDIMSFL处理下的PFP和RDIMSFM处理下的IWUE取得最大值,分别为363.93 kg/kg和15.80 kg/m3,与CK相比均显著增加。因此,综合考虑产量和IWUE等指标,RDIMSFM处理最优,是干热区芒果适宜的微润灌溉施肥模式。
In order to evaluate the fertigation mode of mango with high efficiency production in dry and hot region, a field mango experiment was carried out in dry and hot region of southwest by applying moistube fertigation technology. Four irrigation modes and three fertilization levels were set up with 7-year-old Guifei mango as experimental materials. Four irrigation modes were full irrigation(FI, 100% ETC) in all fruit developmental stages and regulated deficit irrigation(RDI) in three growth stages. The deficit adjusted stage were flowering stage, expanding stage, and mature stage(RDIFS, RDIES and RDIMS), and the irrigation level in deficit adjusted stage was 50% ETC, non-deficit adjusted stage was 100% ETC. Three fertilization levels were high fertilizer(FH), medium fertilizer(FM), and low fertilizer(FL). The effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on mango yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency, and photosynthetic characteristics were studied. The results showed that the Pn, Gs, and Tr of mango leaves were significantly reduced by water regulation deficit at different growth stages, while WUEi of mango leaves was significantly increased. At the same irrigation level, Pn, Gs and Tr increased with the increase of fertilizer application, WUEi increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application, and Pn, Tr and WUEi increased with the increase of fertilizer application at maturity. Compared with FI treatment, RDIFS significantly reduced the weight, yield, and PFP by 11.74%, 23.43% and 23.98%, RDIESdecreased by 21.09%, 20.29% and 20.50%, while RDIES and RDIMS increased IWUE by 11.87% and 32.81%, respectively. Compared with FM, FH significantly reduced yield and IWUE by 4.17% and 4.06%, and FL reduced by 6.75% and 6.67%, respectively. PFP decreased with the increase of fertilizer application. Compared with CK, except RDIMSFM treatment increased yield by 6.36% and RDIMSFL treatment did not increase significantly, the other treatments decreased by 3.14%~31.76%. Under RDIMSFL and RDIMSFM treatments, PFP and IWUE achieved maximum values of 363.93 kg/kg and 15.80 kg/m3, respectively, which increased significantly compared with CK. Therefore, considering yield and IWUE, RDIMSFM is the best moistube fertigation mode of mango in dry and hot region.
作者
彭有亮
刘小刚
张岩
冷险险
孙光照
黄一峰
杨启良
杨先琴
PENG Youliang;LIU Xiaogang;ZHANG Yan;LENG Xianxian;SUN Guangzhao;HUANG Yifeng;YANG Qiliang;YANG Xianqin(Faculty of Agriculture and Food,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500;Huaiyin District Water Resources Bureau,Huaian,Jiangsu 223300)
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期350-357,364,共9页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51769010,51979133,51469010,51109102)
国家级大学生创新创业计划项目(201810674023)
