摘要
[目的]前期研究表明,施用生物质炭虽对咀嚼取食害虫的幼虫生长造成不良影响,但不影响其生殖力。推测其原因在于施用生物质炭可促进高龄幼虫取食、提高食物利用率和生长速率,从而避免早期所受的不利影响。本研究旨在验证该推测。[方法]设0(对照)、15、30和50 g·kg^-1共4个生物质炭添加量处理土壤,种植稻苗。为精确测定稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的生长表现、取食量和食物利用效率,采用剪取叶片饲喂的方法从初孵幼虫单头饲喂直至蜕皮为末龄(5龄),测定刚蜕皮末龄幼虫体质量作为幼虫生长表现的测度;单头测定末龄幼虫的取食量和食物利用效率,比较其在生物质炭不同处理间的差异。[结果]添加生物质炭可降低稻纵卷叶螟幼虫发育到末龄时的体质量,与对照相比添加生物质炭使末龄幼虫体质量分别下降30.13%(添加15 g·kg^-1)、29.46%(添加30 g·kg^-1)和37.87%(添加50 g·kg^-1),这3个添加量之间没有显著差异。对末龄幼虫相对取食速率和食物利用效率进行的测定结果表明:在添加15和50 g·kg^-1的生物质炭处理下相对取食速率和近似消化效率增大;添加50 g·kg^-1的生物质炭可提高食物转化效率、食物利用效率和相对生长速率,而较低添加量处理对这些指标没有影响。[结论]土壤添加较多生物质炭虽然对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫生长发育具有阻碍作用,但可增强末龄幼虫取食量和营养利用效率。
[Objectives]Previous studies indicated that the biochar application to soils could impair larval development of chewing herbivore insects,but had no effect on their reproductive capacity.We examined the hypothesis that biochar application might enhance the food consumption and utilization of final-instar larvae as over compensation for the impairment at earlier stages.[Methods]To test this hypothesis we used the rice leaf folder(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)as a model system.Rice food plants were cultured in pots at the four different levels of biochar amendment to soils:0(the control),15,30,and 50 g·kg-1.To precisely measure larval development,food consumption,and utilization efficiency,neonate larvae were individually fed with excised plant leaves until they developed into the final(5th)instar larvae,which upon molting were individually weighed after being dried.The final instar larvae were individually measured in indices of food consumption and utilization efficiency.[Results]Body dry weight of the final instar larvae,as compared to the control,decreased by 30.13%under the treatment of 15 g·kg^-1 amendment,29.46%at the 30 g·kg^-1,and 37.87%at the 50 g·kg^-1;there were no differences among the three amendment levels.The final instar larvae increased relative consumption rate and approximate digestibility at biochar amendment levels of 15 and 50 g·kg^-1,and tended to increase the efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food to body substance at the 50 g·kg^-1 amendment treatment.[Conclusions]The results from the current study suggest that biochar applications to soils at higher rates increase the food consumption and nutrient utilization efficiency by C.medinalis final-instar larvae.
作者
沈煜洋
孟玲
SHEN Yuyang;MENG Ling(College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)
出处
《南京农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期247-252,共6页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201000)
