摘要
采用盆栽模拟研究方法,设置对照(CK)、只施氮肥(U)、氮肥与有机肥配施(UM)、氮肥与生物炭配施(UB)以及氮肥、有机肥与生物炭配施(UMB)共5个处理,探究生物炭与有机肥施用对菜地N2O、CH4与CO2排放以及全球增温潜势(GWP)、温室气体强度(GHGI)、N2O-N排放系数的影响.结果表明,整个观测期间,N2O排放变幅较大,达0.02-1559.77μg m^-2 h^-1,CH4排放变幅较小,为-0.09-0.25 mg m^-2 h^-1.与N2O、CH4相比,处理间CO2排放通量具有更为相近的波动规律.UB与UMB能显著降低N2O排放,其中UMB抑制效果最佳,仅为U处理的14.1%.5个处理间CH4累积排放量无显著差异,表明氮肥、有机肥与生物炭均非影响CH4排放的主要原因.UB与UMB间累积CO2排放量无差异,但二者均显著高于U与UM处理,证明生物炭施用促进了CO2释放.菜心与苋菜产量均以UMB最高,两种蔬菜产量分别比U处理高25.6%与29.5%.GWP与GHGI均以UMB最低(除对照外),分别为919±266 kg/hm2与0.04±0.01 kg/kg.UMB的N2O-N排放系数最低(0.37%),仅为U处理的11.5%.综上所述,生物炭与有机肥配施处理在不降低蔬菜产量的基础上,既能抑制N2O排放,降低GWP、GHGI与N2O-N排放系数,又能降低化学氮肥投入量,是值得推荐的施肥措施.考虑到生物炭施用显著促进CO2排放,需要进一步探究生物炭与有机肥配施的综合净温室效应.
A pot experiment was conducted to examine emissions of nitrous oxygen,methane,and carbon dioxide in addition to the global warming potential(GWP),greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI),and N2O-N emission factors in vegetable fields following the incorporation of biochar and manure.The results showed that N2O fluxes ranged drastically from 0.02 to 1559.77μg-2h-1,while CH4 fluxes only changed slightly from-0.09 to 0.25 mg m-2h-1.Compared to N2O and CH4 emissions,CO2 fluxes were similar among the five treatments.The UB and UMB treatments significantly reduced N2O emissions;in particular,the UMB treatment represented only 14.1%of N2O emissions in the U treatment.Neither nitrogen fertilizer,manure,nor biochar affected CH4 emissions,as no significant differences in cumulative CH4 emissions were observed among five treatments.The biochar addition in the UB and UMB produced higher cumulative CO2 emissions than their corresponding U and UM treatments,with no significant difference between UB and UMB.Moreover,the UMB produced the highest yield of choy sum and amaranth,with yields 25.6%and 29.5%,respectively,higher than the U treatment.Thus,the UMB produced the lowest GWP of 919±266 kg/hm2 and GHGI of 0.04±0.01 kg/kg of all groups except the control.Furthermore,the UMB produced the lowest N2O-N emission factor of 0.37%,being only 11.5%of that in the U treatment.In conclusion,incorporating biochar and manure compost not only suppressed N2O emissions and reduced GWP,GHGI,and N2O-N emissions factor,but also decreased chemical N fertilizer input and maintained vegetable production,serving as our recommended fertilizer practice.Further studies are still required to explore the net global warming potential for biochar and manure applications considering their higher CO2 emissions.
作者
贾俊香
熊正琴
马智勇
许剑敏
王玲
张菁
JIA Junxiang;XIONG Zhengqin;MA Zhiyong;XU Jianmin;WANG Ling;ZHANG Jing(College of Resources and Environment,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation/College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期74-80,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41471192,41171238)
山西省自然科学基金项目(201701D121118)资助。
