摘要
【目的】新疆有着全中国最大面积的盐碱地和加工番茄的种植基地。在新疆开展两年试验以研究加工番茄在氮盐交互下生长、生理、产量和品质的变化规律,获得适宜新疆盐碱地种植加工番茄的合理施氮量和土壤盐分范围,为新疆扩大加工番茄种植面积和合理施氮提供科学的理论依据及技术途径。【方法】试验于2017和2018年在石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验基地进行,以当地主栽品种3166为试验材料,2017年试验共设置4个土壤含盐量水平:1.5、4.0、7.0和10.0 g·kg^-1及4个氮素水平:201、166、131和96 kg·hm^-2,2018年在2017年的基础上去除10.0 g·kg^-1的土壤含盐量,增加5.0 g·kg^-1的土壤含盐量和不施氮量处理。试验测定和分析加工番茄的荧光叶绿素参数、产量和品质指标。【结果】在氮盐交互下,加工番茄荧光参数及产量等指标均呈现出复杂的变化规律。绝大多数的荧光参数及产量受土壤盐分的主导作用较氮素强,在同等氮素水平下,7.0 g·kg^-1和10.0g·kg^-1的土壤盐分对加工番茄荧光指标抑制程度最大;低盐分水平下,166 kg·hm^-2的中等偏高的施氮量对加工番茄的荧光指标促进作用最大,其次是施氮201 kg·hm^-2的处理;在中等偏高的盐分水平下,96 kg·hm^-2的低氮对加工番茄的最好,其次为不施氮水平。加工番茄的鲜果产量总体上符合"盐高产低"的规律,但低氮高盐处理的产量明显高于其他同盐度的氮素水平下的产量。可溶性固形物、VC、可溶性糖和可滴定酸均随着土壤含盐量的增大逐渐增大,糖酸比的最大值均出现在低盐处理,盐分对加工番茄品质的影响远高于氮素,二者交互对加工番茄的品质并无显著性影响。通过图形叠加分析方法,得出了加工番茄获得相对最优产量和品质的合理施氮范围和土壤含盐量区间。【结论】在盐碱程度偏高的土壤可通过少施氮素来提高加工番茄产量;加工番茄获得相对最优产量和品质的合理施氮范围和土壤含盐量区间为N:98.12-119.60 kg·hm^-2,S:3.57-5.58 g·kg^-1。
【Objective】Xinjiang has the largest area of saline-alkali land and planting base of processed tomatoes in China. In this paper, a two-year experiment in Xinjiang was carried to study the effects of different soil salinity and nitrogen application rate on the growth, physiological, yield and quality of processed tomato, and to obtain the rational nitrogen application rate and soil salinity range of processed tomato suitable for planting saline land in Xinjiang, so as to provide a scientific theoretical basis and technical approach for expanding tomato planting area and rational nitrogen application in Xinjiang. 【Method】This study was carried out in the Key Experimental Base of Modern Water-saving Irrigation Corps of Shihezi University in 2017 and 2018. The local main tomato cultivar "3166" was taken as the experimental material. This experiment was set in four levels of soil salinity: 1.5, 4.0, 7.0 and 10.0 g·kg^-1 and four levels of nitrogen: 201, 166, 131 and 96 kg N·hm^-2 in 2017. Based on the experiment in 2017, a soil salinity of 10.0 g·kg^-1 were removed and a soil salinity of 5.0 g·kg^-1 and a nitrogen application rate of 0 were added in 2018. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, yield and quality of processed tomatoes were analyzed.【Result】Our results indicated that under the interaction of nitrogen and soil salinity, the fluorescence parameter and yield of processed tomatoes showed a complex change. Firstly, most of the fluorescence parameters and yields were more dominated by soil salt than nitrogen. At the same nitrogen level, soil salinity of 7.0 g·kg^-1 and 10.0 g·kg^-1 inhibited the fluorescence index of processed tomatoes mostly. At low salinity level, medium and high nitrogen application of 166 kg N·hm^-2 promoted the fluorescence index of processed tomatoes the most, followed by 201 kg N·hm^-2, and the worst was 131 kg N·hm^-2. At medium and high salt level, 96 kg N·hm^-2 had the best promotion degree for processed tomato, followed by no nitrogen level. At the high salt application rate, low nitrogen treatment was better than the high nitrogen treatment to improve tomato yield. The fresh fruit yield of processed tomato was generally consistent with the law of "the higher the salt, the lower the yield". The yield of low-nitrogen and high-salt treatment was significantly higher than other yields with same salinity levels of different nitrogen. Moreover, it was found that salinity had a stronger effect on tomato quality than nitrogen. Soluble solids, VC, soluble sugar and titratable acid increased gradually with the increase of soil salt content. The maximum sugar-acid ratio appeared in low salinity treatment. Moreover, it was found that salinity had a stronger effect on tomato quality than nitrogen, and the interaction between them had no significant effect on the quality of processed tomatoes. Summary by analysis, the reasonable range of nitrogen application and soil salinity content of processed tomato were obtained. 【Conclusion】In the soil with high salinity, the yield of processed tomatoes could be increased by applying a small amount of nitrogen. The reasonable range of nitrogen application and the range of soil salt content for the relative optimal yield and quality of processed tomatoes were N: 98.12-119.60 kg·hm^-2, S: 3.57-5.58 g·kg^-1.
作者
张继峯
王振华
张金珠
窦允清
侯裕生
ZHANG JiFeng;WANG ZhenHua;ZHANG JinZhu;DOU YunQing;HOU YuSheng(College of Water&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期990-1003,共14页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201506)
兵团科技创新团队项目(2019CB004)
中国工程院院士咨询研究项目(2018-XY-36)
关键词
加工番茄
膜下滴灌
荧光参数
产量
品质
施氮
土壤含盐量
processed tomato
drip irrigation under film
photosynthetic fluorescence parameters
yield
quality
optimal interval
nitrogen application
soil salinity
