摘要
土传病害的发生与土壤环境,特别是微生物群落结构变化密切相关,田间自然发病条件下探讨土传病害发生、发展过程中土壤环境因子的变化特征,可更加科学地评价病害发生与土壤环境因子变化的关系,为进一步了解土传病害发生机理提供必要科学依据。选择云南烟草黑胫病危害较为严重的3个植烟区(石林板桥、保山耇街、保山珠街)统一种植高感黑胫病烤烟品种红花大金元,调查定点田块病害发生情况并根据病害调查标准将发病烟株划分不同程度(正常烟株、轻度发病烟株、中度发病烟株、重度发病烟株)。同时在保山耇街试验点采集不同发病程度烟株根际土壤,分析比较其土壤酶活性及细菌群落的差异。研究结果表明:各调查点不同发病程度烟株根际土壤与脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性随发病程度增加均呈下降趋势;土壤16S rRNA高通量测序及多样性分析表明,与土壤细菌门类水平优势群落组成相似,并且随发病程度放线菌门相对丰度呈下降趋势,而酸杆菌门呈上升趋势;不同发病程度根际土壤细菌群落属水平上相对丰度差异较大,其中甾体杆菌属(Steroidobacter)、阿达尔杆菌属(Adhaeribacter)、根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium)、杜氏杆菌属(Tumebacillus)随发病程度呈先下降后上升的趋势;细菌群落α多样性指数均不同程度低于健康根际土壤,且均表现为轻度发病烟株根际土壤α多样性指数最低,其中shannon和simpson指数轻度发病烟株显著低于健康烟株;PCoA主成分分析表明,根际土壤细菌群落结构随发病程度发生了明显分离,且沿第二主成分坐标轴上细菌群落结构分离随发病程度呈逐渐增大趋势。综上所述,不同发病程度烟株根际主要环境因子存在较大差异,土壤酶活性受到不同程度抑制,细菌群落组成发生趋向性变化,群落结构发生趋向性改变,土壤微生物多样性降低。
The occurrence of soil-borne diseases is closely related to soil environment especially the bacterial community structure.Under the condition of natural diseases in the field,the study on the change characteristics of soil environmental factors in the process of occurrence and development of soil borne diseases can more scientifically evaluate the relationship between the occurrence of diseases and the change of soil environmental factors,and provide necessary scientific basis for further enriching the research on the occurrence mechanism of soil borne diseases.In three tobacco growing areas(Shilin Banqiao,Baoshan Qijie and Baoshan Zhujie)where tobacco black shank disease is more serious in Yunnan Province,a highly susceptible flue-cured tobacco variety,Honghuadajinyuan,was planted uniformly.According to the disease investigation criteria,the infected tobacco plants were divided into different degrees(normal tobacco plants,mildly infected tobacco plants,moderately infected tobacco plants and severely infected tobacco plants).The rhizosphere soils of tobacco plants with different disease severity were collected,and the differences of soil enzyme activity and bacterial community results were analyzed and compared.The results showed that the activities of soil enzymes(soil urease,invertase,acid phosphatase,catalase)in rhizosphere showed decreasing trend with the severity of the disease increasing at different survey points.The high-throughput sequencing and diversity analysis of 16 S rRNA in soil showed that the composition of dominant communities at the level of soil bacterial family was similar,and the relative abundance of actinomycetes decreased with the increase of incidence,while that of acidobacteria increased;The relative abundance of bacteria community in rhizosphere soil of different degree of disease was different,among which,Steroidobacteria,Adhaeribacter,Mesorhizobium and Tumebacillus decreased first and then increased with the increase of disease degree;The α diversity index of bacterial community was lower than that of healthy rhizosphere soil in different degrees,and the α diversity index of tobacco plant with mild disease was the lowest,and the shannon and simpson index of tobacco plant with mild disease was significantly lower than that of healthy tobacco plant;PCoA principal component analysis showed that the bacterial community structure of rhizosphere soil was significantly separated with the degree of disease,and along the second principal component coordinate axis,the bacterial community structure was gradually increased with the degree of disease.To sum up,the main environmental factors in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants with different degrees of incidence are quite different,the soil enzyme activity is inhibited to different degrees,the composition of bacterial community changes in tendency,the community structure changes in tendency,and the diversity of soil microorganisms decreases.
作者
史普酉
杨成翠
贾孟
白羽祥
刘棋
朱宣全
程亚东
张金峰
王润玲
谭小兵
杨焕文
王戈
SHI Pu-you;YANG Cheng-cui;JIA Meng;BAI Yu-xiang;LIU Qi;ZHU Xuan-quan;CHENG Ya-dong;ZHANG Jin-feng;WANG Run-ling;TAN Xiao-bing;YANG Huan-wen;WANG Ge(College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201;Changning Branch of Baoshan Tobacco Company,Baoshan Yunnan 678100;Luoping Branch of Qujing Tobacco Company,Qujing Yunnan 655800)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期179-187,共9页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31860357)
云南省应用基础研究计划项目(2015FB145)
中国烟草总公司云南省公司计划重点项目(2017YN07)。
关键词
植烟根际土壤
黑胫病
土壤酶活性
细菌群落结构
tobacco-growing rhizosphere
black shank disease
soil enzyme activities
microorganism
