摘要
中国国民经济中存在的一个严重问题是:土地使用财产权不清晰,土地要素不能如十八届三中全会强调的由市场决定而竞争性配置。农村和城镇国有企业中的土地,由于不能由二级市场交易,或者是由政府低价和无偿划拨,土地价值被隐匿。而农村向城市配置的土地,却由于土地从农村由地方政府一家“购买”和由地方政府一家向千家出让,导致价格极端上涨。如果劳动力、资金和技术等要素可以按照市场经济的规则自由流动、互相交易、竞争定价、价值表达、市场调节,而土地要素却在上述方面不同程度地受限,则会导致国民经济运行的紊乱:要素总体配置效率低下,农业中劳动力淤积,资本要素不能流入农业和农村,农民失去以地为本进行创业和获得土地财产性等收入的机会,从而导致农村和城镇非户籍居民有支付能力的消费需求不足,进而使得城镇中工业品生产过剩,国民经济将增长乏力。本文的政策含义是:真正明确和给予农民以土地使用财产权,并永续使用;农村各类土地可以在城乡统一的市场上平等交易;农民有对自己土地的建设权。
The unclear land property rights making the land element cannot transact competitively by the market have been creating the serious problems in China’s national economy.The value of the lands in rural and the lands belong to the state-owned enterprises in urban arc lower estimated and hidden.They cannot be traded on the market but have been allocated by the government at low prices even without compensation.Nevertheless,the prices of the lands which arc allocated from the countryside to the cities are extremely surging.It is all because the local governments arc acting as the dealers,who arc the only buyer to expropriate the lands from the countryside but sold them to the thousands of the other buyers.The land factors are somehow limited to the above aspects,meanwhile the labor,capital,technology and other factors can be freely flowing,trading with each other,completive pricing,value expressing and market regulating in accordance with the rules of the market economy.It will lead to the chaos of the national economic operation:The lower general allocate efficiency of the factors,the siltation of the rural surplus labors,the paralyzed movements of the capital elements into the agriculture and the rural areas,the lost opportunities of the farmers using their lands to start a business and obtain the property incomes,are causing the inadequate of the demand of the affordable consumption of the rural residents and the non-registered residence in town.Furthermore,it is the reason causing the surplus productivities of the industrial goods in urban and the sluggish growth of the national economy.The policy implications of the paper arc as follows:The truly clear and authorized the peasantry possessing the right of using property interest of the lands,and the sustainable rights to use them.All the types of rural lands can be traded equally in the unified urban and rural market.Famers have the right to construct their own lands.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期30-43,57,共15页
Academic Monthly
关键词
使用财产权
使用年期
行政限制交易
行政极端交易
财产性收入
土地建设权
use of property interests
authorized years of land use
administrative restricted transaction
administrative extreme transaction
property income
the right of the land construction
