摘要
【目的】为了查清甘肃省内核桃资源的种类、类型、特点及保护利用等方面的现状,筛选具有优良和特异性状的实生单株,为甘肃省核桃遗传资源的保存与利用提供数据支撑。【方法】2014—2018年,采用查阅文献、实地调查、行业推荐、产地报优等方法,分析了甘肃各地的核桃地理分布情况、种质资源类型与分布规律;通过分析所调查和收集的资源坚果的表型性状和核仁营养成分,筛选出具有优良或特异性状的核桃资源。【结果】甘肃核桃的分布地位于北纬32°46′~39°49′、东经39°43′~35°32′;横跨北亚热带、暖温带、中温带、寒温带等4个气候带,有陇南南北秦岭山地、陇东丘陵沟壑、陇中及陇中西南部、河西走廊等5个自然分布区域,其垂直分布于海拔849~2 034 m的地域内;调查并收集了地方种质资源658份,初步建立了甘肃核桃种质资源信息库,完成了对甘肃核桃种质资源的初步评价;对246份核桃坚果样品的表型多样性的分析结果显示,坚果形状有12种之多,其单果质量为3.70~20.94 g,横径为23.00~40.87 mm,分别有58.0%和93.3%的坚果样品达到了国家特级及Ⅰ级标准;核壳厚的变幅为0.79~3.10 mm,有利于生食或加工的薄壳及较薄壳资源占调查样株总数的57.1%。核仁检测结果显示,有1株高脂肪和2株高蛋白质资源;核仁中的主要不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸(ω-6)和α-亚麻酸(ω-3)的含量之和为78.3%~53.9%,说明甘肃地方核桃资源具有较大的选择潜力。初步探究了甘肃核桃的起源与历史,认为甘肃核桃由原产于陇南白龙江流域和经"丝绸之路"引入的两部分组成。【结论】筛选出了15类53株具有优良和特异性状的实生单株,为甘肃核桃种质创新和品种改良提供了可供选择的材料。
【Objective】To find out status of species,types,characteristics,protection and utilization of walnut in Gansu province,and to select some single seedling plants with good and specific characteristics,and to provide some data supports for preservation and utilization of walnut genetic resources in Gansu province.【Method】Through literature research,field investigation,industry recommendation,and reporting of provenance,geographical distribution,types and distribution of germplasm resources in Gansu were investigated from 2014 to 2018.Some walnut resources with good and specific characteristics were selected,through analyzing nut phenotypic characteristics and nutrient components in kernel of investigated and collected resources.【Result】Geographic distribution of walnut in Gansu is 32°46′N to 39°49′N and 39°43′E to 35°32′E,including four subtropical zones of north subtropical zone,warm temperate zone,middle temperate zone,cold temperate zone.There are five natural distribution areas,including southern Longnan,North Qinling Mountains,Longdong Hills and Gullies,Longzhong and Southwest Longzhong,and Hexi Corridor.Vertical distribution ranges from 849 m to 2034 m.Total 658 local germplasm resources were investigated and collected,a Gansu walnut germplasm information database was perliminarily set up,and walnut germplasm resources in Gansu province were preliminarily evaluated.The analysis results of phenotypic diversity of 246 nut samples show that there are 12 types of nut shapes,single fruit mass ranges from 3.70 g to 20.94 g,transverse diameter ranges from 23.00 mm to 40.87 mm,and 58.0%and 93.3%samples reach the national special grade andⅠgrade standards,respectively.Shell thickness varies from 0.79 mm to 3.10 mm,and resources with thin and thinner shell account for 57.1%of investigated samples.The results of kernel determination show that there are one resource with high-fat kernel and two resources with high-protein kernel,which is good as raw food or processed resources.Total content of unsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid(ω-6)andα-linolenic acid(ω-3)ranges from 78.3%to 53.9%,which indicates local walnut resources in Gansu have large selection potential.Through researching origin and history of walnut in Gansu,it is believed that walnut in Gansu originated from the Longnan Bailong River Basin and introduced resources through the“Silk Road”.【Conclusion】Fifteen types,total 53 plants,with good and specific characteristics were selected,which provided alternative materials for innovation and variety improvement of walnut germplasm in Gansu.
作者
李建红
殷德怀
郭小梅
吕立君
辛国
杨世勇
LI Jianhong;YIN Dehuai;GUO Xiaomei;LüLijun;XIN Guo;YANG Shiyong(Forestry Technique Extension Station of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730046,Gansu,China;Economic Forest Management Station of Qingyang,Qingyang 745000,Gansu,China;Economic Forest Academy of Longnan,Longnan 746000,Gansu,China;Tianshui Institute of Pomology,Tianshui 741000,Gansu,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2020年第1期20-27,共8页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
国家林业局林业生物安全与遗传资源项目“甘肃核桃种质资源调查编目”(2014-2017)
甘肃省科技重大专项“甘肃优质核桃种质资源保护及特色核桃基地丰产栽培技术示范”(2018-2022).
关键词
核桃
遗传资源
调查
收集
筛选
甘肃省
walnut
germplasm resources
investigation
collection
select
Gansu province
