摘要
聚氨酯泡沫绝热层被广泛应用在建筑、家电、汽车和航天等领域,绝热层制备工艺对环境有着重要的影响,因此评价绝热层制备工艺的环境影响有着十分重要的意义。本文采用生命周期评价(Life cycle assessment,LCA)中的ReCiPe方法对绝热层制备工艺的环境影响进行了评价。结果表明,绝热层制备工艺对海洋生态毒性的环境影响最大,其次是人类毒性、淡水生态毒性、淡水富营养化和化石耗竭;油漆、电能、聚氨酯组合剂以及聚脲组合剂是对环境影响贡献较大的清单物质,且环境影响结果对油漆和电能的变化最为敏感;喷漆过程、聚氨酯喷涂过程和聚脲喷涂过程环境影响显著,占比超过了总环境影响的70%。降低绝热层制备工艺环境影响的关键因素有:在设计阶段考虑聚氨酯废料的回收,避免聚氨酯和聚脲材料的浪费,选用较为清洁的粉末型漆料,或者提高电能利用率、提高清洁能源的比例。
Rigid polyurethane insulation layer is widely used in construction,household appliances,automobiles and aerospace,and the preparation process of thermal insulation layer has an important impact on environment.Therefore,it is of great significance to evaluate the environmental impact of the preparation process.The environmental impacts of the preparation process was conducted using ReCiPe method.It is confirmed that the thermal insulation layer preparation process has the greatest environmental impact on marine eco toxicity,followed by human toxicity,freshwater eco-toxicity,freshwater eutrophication and fossil depletion.Paint,electricity,polyurethane and polyurea contribute greatly to the environmental impact,and the environmental impact results are most sensitive to paint and electricity.The painting process,the polyurethane and the polyurea spray process contribute more than 70%of the total result.The key factors that reduce the environmental impact include considering the recycle of polyurethane in design phase,avoiding waste of polyurethane and polyuria,using powder paint,improving efficiency of electricity and increasing the proportion of clean energy.
作者
吕锦
铁铎
李育锋
王禹林
谷振宇
LYU Jin;TIE Duo;LI Yufeng;WANG Yulin;GU Zhenyu(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission,Chongqing University,Chongqing,400030,China;AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute,Beijing,100024,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,210094,China;College of Automation,Chongqing University,Chongqing,400030,China)
出处
《南京航空航天大学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期79-86,共8页
Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFB2002100)资助项目
国家自然科学基金(51605058)资助项目。
关键词
生命周期评价
绝热层
聚氨酯
环境影响
ReCiPe方法
life cycle assessment
thermal insulation layer
polyurethane
environmental impact
ReCiPe method
