摘要
观察表明,公众到访图书馆的动机越来越呈现出多元化的特征,图书馆如何保持对公众的吸引力似乎是一件越来越不确定的事情。继2016年之后,2018年2月武汉大学课题组以湖北省图书馆为中心,对图书馆受众的参与动机、参与频次、停留时间和参与时间等进行了问卷调查,旨在了解免费开放环境下公众到访图书馆的决策过程及其影响因素。研究发现,在没有经济成本门槛(免费开放)的条件下,公众的基本社会属性、文化资本、经济资本和公众与图书馆的空间关系对公共文化参与行为存在复杂的交互影响,受众的决策过程尤为复杂,如公众到访图书馆的不同动机受年龄、文化程度和学科背景影响最显著;是否到访图书馆主要取决于职业、文化程度,受教育程度越高的公众越可能到访图书馆;参与频次则受收入水平影响最大,中等及偏高收入群体更可能高频到访图书馆;到访图书馆的时间选择主要受年龄、职业和学科背景影响;而停留时长受月均收入影响最显著,低收入人群更倾向于长时间访问。图书馆受众的决策主要受到其固有的文化资本的制约,并不完全取决于公共图书馆的服务水平,也不完全依赖经济性激励措施(免费开放)。要提高公众的文化参与水平,除降低公众参与的经济成本之外,一方面要依靠民众受教育程度的提升,需要建立完善家庭教育、学校教育和社会教育多方协作机制,丰富公众人文素质教育的内涵;另一方面又需要借助科学规划公共图书馆的选址,降低公众到图书馆的时间成本,还要顺应公众数字阅读的趋势,借助数字信息科技力量发展"数字阅读"和"数字借阅",提高图书馆受众对图书馆服务的可及性。
Observation shows that public libraries have become increasingly attractive to the public,and how public libraries remain attractive to the public seems to be more and more uncertain.After 2016,the Wuhan University Research Group conducted a survey on the library participants about their motivation,frequency of participation,duration of stay and sense of acquisition in February 2018.The goal of the questionnaire is to find the factors that influence the decisions of library participants in a free-of-charge environment.The study found that the public’s basic social attributes,cultural capital,economic capital and the spatial relationship between the public and the library have complex interactive effects on public cultural participation behaviorunder the condition of no economic cost threshold(free opening).The different motivations of the public to visit the library are most affected by the age,education level and subject background.Whether to visit the library depends mainly on the occupation and education level,the participation rate of students and teachers or researchers is higher,and the education level has positive effect.The frequency of participation is most affected by the income level,and the middle and high income groups are more likely to visit the library at high frequency.The time choice for visiting the library is mainly influenced by the age,occupation and subject background;The duration of visiting is most affected by monthly average income,and low-income people are more inclined to visit for a long time.The behavioral patterns of library audiences are constrained by their inherent cultural capital and do not depend entirely on the services provided by public libraries and economic incentives.To improve the level of public cultural participation,in addition to reducing the economic costs of public participation,on the one hand,we must rely on the improvement of the educational level of the people.We need to establish a mechanism to coordinate home education,school education and public service institutions to enrich the content of the public education in terms of humanity and arts.On the other hand,it is necessary to plan the location of public libraries deliberately in order to reduce the time cost by traffic of the public reaching the library.Last but not least,it is needed to use digital information technology to develop"digital reading"and"digital borrowing"to adapt to the changes in public digital reading habits and enhance the library audiences’access to the library services.
作者
傅才武
王文德
傅墨庄
FU Cai-wu;WANG Wen-de;FU Mo-zhuang(National Institute of Culture Development,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Toronto,Toronto,ONM5S3G3,Canada)
出处
《中国软科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期138-157,共20页
China Soft Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“服务价值与文化传播评估理论与技术”(2017YFB1400400)。
关键词
图书馆
文化参与
文化资本
经济成本
决策模式
library
cultural participation
cultural capital
economic cost
decision-making patterns
