摘要
藻胆蛋白(phycobiliprotein,PBP)是红藻、蓝藻和部分隐藻中特有的捕光色素蛋白.自PBP被发现以来,科学家们对其结构、功能及应用进行了深入的研究.藻红蛋白(phycoerythrin,PE)是PBP的一种,由α,β和γ三种亚基组成.其中γ亚基具有连接和稳定的作用,使PE能够以稳定的(αβ)6γ的形式存在.PE可以共价连接藻红胆素和藻尿胆素等色基,对短波长的蓝、绿光具有较强的吸收效率,使红藻和蓝藻能够在深水弱蓝、绿光环境中高效地捕获和传递光能.高纯度的PE与生物素、单克隆抗体等蛋白结合稳定,可以作为荧光免疫等技术中的荧光探针;同时,PE具有抗氧化及抗炎活性,对阿尔茨海默病、肝肾毒、糖尿病等疾病具有一定缓解作用.本文主要对PE的结构、制备及光学活性和生物活性方面的应用进行了综述,并对PE的应用进行了展望,为我国海洋藻类的高值化加工和应用提供参考.
Photosynthesis is an ancient and important chemical reaction process. Under light conditions, plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert solar energy into chemical energy. And then, chemical energy is directly used by living cells. A special light-harvesting pigment protein, phycobiliprotein(PBP), exists in red algae, cyanobacteria(blue-green algae), and some cryptophytes to capture light energy in the water environment. Since the first discovered of PBP, scientists have conducted in-depth research on the structure, function and application of PBP. PBP is a water-soluble protein. It is formed by the covalent connection of apoprotein and phycobilin. According to the spectral characteristics, PBP can be divided into four types: Phycoerythrin(PE), phycocyanin(PC), allophycocyanin(APC) and phycoerythrocyanin(PEC). Through the coordination of four PBPs, more than 95% of the energy can be efficiently transmitted. PE is the beginning of the energy transfer of the PBP system. It is composed of three subunits α, β and γ, and the molecular weight is about 240 k D. Among them, the γ subunit has the function of connecting and stabilizing, so that PE can exist in a stable(αβ) 6γ form. PE can covalently connect chromophores such as phycoerythrobilin(PEB) and phycourobilin(PUB), and has a strong absorption efficiency for short-wavelength blue and green light. It enables red algae and cyanobacteria to efficiently capture and transfer light energy in the deep blue and green light environment.PE is a bright red fluorescent protein. When excited by a specific wavelength, PE will emit strong fluorescence. Foodgrade PE can be used as a natural colorant in food, cosmetics and other fields. High-purified PE is combined with proteins such as biotin and monoclonal antibodies to make fluorescent probes for immunodetection and other technologies;PE can also be used as a new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of deep tissues. In addition, PE has also been proven to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory biological activities, and has a certain therapeutic effect on Alzheimer’s disease,cancer, diabetes, liver and kidney toxicity and other diseases. But there is no doubt that PE has great potential in the field of biotechnology. The application of PE is closely related to its purity. China’s abundant red algae resources provide a large amount of raw materials for large-scale preparation of PE. However, there are many obstacles in the preparation of highpurified PE. The most commonly used column chromatography has the problem of expansion, while other purification processes are not mature.In view of the above problems, this review highlights an overview on the structure, function and purification process of PE. Then the applications of PE in optical and biological activities are reviewed and prospected. This article provides a reference for the high value processing and application of marine algae.
作者
臧帆
秦松
马丞博
李文军
林剑
Fan Zang;Song Qin;Chengbo Ma;Wenjun Li;Jian Lin(Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China;College of Life Sciences,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期565-576,共12页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(41906109)
烟台市重点研发项目(Y933021011)资助。
关键词
藻红蛋白
结构功能
制备工艺
光学活性
生物活性
phycoerythrin
structure and function
preparation process
optical activity
biological activity
