摘要
针对水稻不同生长期施肥劳动强度大和肥料易堵塞的问题,该文提出了一种水稻分层施肥技术,根据水稻种植农艺要求和根系分布特点,在水稻直播时将整个生长期所需肥料一次性分层施入土壤中,浅层施肥深度为30~40 mm,距离水稻行距离为50 mm,为水稻苗期生长提供养分;深层施肥深度为70~100 mm,深层施肥沟在2行水稻中间,为水稻的后期生长提供养分。设计了一种气流式分层施肥系统,根据分层施肥要求确定肥料分配器结构及分层施肥量调节比例;利用SolidWorks软件对肥料混合器变截面处不同截面高度的进肥口风速和出口处的负压进行仿真分析和试验验证,确定气流肥料混合器变截面通道高度为20 mm;对气流式分层施肥系统进行性能试验,以风速、肥量分配比例调节板开度和施肥管道长度为主要因素进行正交试验。试验结果表明,当风速为18 m/s、肥量分配比例调节板开度为30°、施肥管道长度为1000 mm时,浅层施肥量变异系数为1.61%、深层施肥量变异系数为1.58%、2个浅层施肥量和深层的施肥量分配比例误差为1.91%。将气流式分层施肥系统安装在2BDH-10型水稻直播机上进行田间作业性能试验,田间试验结果表明,2个浅层施肥量与深层施肥量分配比例最大误差为7.76%,浅层施肥量最大变异系数为3.98%,深层施肥量最大变异系数为4.41%,满足水稻种植分层施肥的要求。研究结果可为水稻气流式分层施肥技术研究提供重要参考。
In this paper,a novel technique of rice layered fertilizer is proposed to solve the clogging of fertilizer pipe and relieve the high labor intensity in different growth stages of rice.According to the requirements of rice growth agronomy and the characteristics of root distribution,the fertilizer needed for the whole growing period was applied into the soil in layers at one time.To provide nutrients for the growth of the rice seedlings,the depth of the shallow fertilization is 30 to 40 mm,and the distance to the rice row is about 50 mm,to supply nutrients for the late growth of the rice,the depth of deep fertilization is 70 to 100 mm,and the deep groove is in the middle of two rice rows.An airflow layered fertilizer system was developed,and the key components of the fertilization system were designed,such as the air-fertilizer mixing device and the layer fertilizer distributor.The air-fertilizer mixing device was designed based on the Venturi principle to mix the fertilizer with the airflow.According to the simulation analysis and test results of SolidWorks,the structural parameters of the airflow fertilizer mixer were optimized,by which the optimum airflow channel height was set to 20 mm.According to the requirement of rice fertilization,a layered fertilizer distributor was designed,and the distribution ratio equation of shallow and deep fertilization was determined.The angle of the adjustment plate was 0°to 30°and the proportion of deep fertilization and total shallow fertilization was 1:1 to 2:1.Then,the single factor test and orthogonal test were carried out on the test platform.The single factor test results showed that the main factors affecting the performance of the system were wind speed,angle of the adjustment plate and fertilization pipe length.Orthogonal experiments were conducted with wind speed,angle of the adjustment plate and fertilizer pipe length as the main factors.The experimental results showed that when the wind speed was 18 m/s,angle of the adjustment plate was 30°,and the fertilization pipe length was 1000 mm.The designed airflow layered fertilizer system was installed on the 2BDH-10 rice precision direct seeder to conduct field performance tests.The field test results showed that the maximum error of the ratio of two shallow and deep fertilization was 7.76%,the maximum coefficient variation of the shallow layer was 3.98%,the maximum coefficient variation of the deep layer was 4.41%.This work can provide an important reference for the technology of rice airflow layered fertilization.
作者
曾山
郑振晖
杨洲
罗锡文
谭奕鹏
莫泽文
Zeng Shan;Zheng Zhenhui;Yang Zhou;Luo Xiwen;Tan Yipeng;Mo Zewen(Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment,Ministry of Education,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,510642,China;College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,510642,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期1-9,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200600,2016YFD0200606)。
关键词
水稻
机械化
分层施肥
气流式
设计与试验
rice
mechanization
layered fertilization
airflow
design and test
