摘要
针对玉米原茬地免耕播种作业过程中残留玉米根茬和须根导致施肥播种部件堵塞、播种质量降低等问题,该文设计了一种玉米原茬地免耕播种用侧向清茬刀,分析了侧向清茬刀工作与结构参数对根茬清除率、土壤扰动率和功耗的影响。对侧向清茬刀清茬、输送、抛扔等作业过程进行分析,并依此对侧向清茬刀结构及正切刃工作曲线进行设计,确定了影响其作业性能的关键参数。应用三因素三水平正交试验和模糊综合评价方法,选取正切刃折弯角α、正切刃宽度B、清茬刀角速度ω为影响因素,根茬清除率、土壤扰动率、当量功耗为性能指标,对影响作业性能的侧向清茬刀结构和工作参数进行优化。结果表明:在作业速度7.2 km/h条件下,正切刃折弯角0.86 rad、正切刃宽度50 mm、清茬刀角速度52 rad/s时,根茬清除率为94.3%,土壤扰动率为54.3%,当量功耗为3.4 kW,工作过程中未出现堵塞与秸秆缠绕现象。研究结果可为玉米原茬地免耕播种作业提供参考。
Non-till farming has attracted increasing attention in developing sustainable agriculture,but the straws and the stubbles left over after harvest could block dispatch of fertilizer and seeds in seed drilling,which could detach the seeds and soil and result in nonuniform seed drilling both vertically and horizontally.Therefore,developing devices able to clean and crush the corn straw on seedbed before fertilization and seed drilling/spraying are demanded.However,the existing blade in such devices for laterally cutting the stubbles cannot completely clean and transport the stubble.The leftovers in soil make seed drilling problematic as they could block seed dispatch,increase energy consumption and,under certain circumstances,even make the sowing device unbale to operate.In order to resolve these problems,we designed a device to laterally cut and remove the stubbles from corn field.In this paper,we analyzed its efficacy in stubble clearance,soil disturbance,energy consumption,as well as conveying and throwing the cut/cleaned stubbles.The optimal structure of the stubble-cleaning blade and the working parameters of the device were calculated by taking the bending angle of the bladeα,the transverse cutting edge B,and the angular velocity of the bladeωas determinants,and the stubble clearance rate,soil disturbance rate and equivalent energy consumption of the blade as quantitative indexes of its performance,using the three-factor and three-level orthogonal test and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The results showed that the stubble clearance rate was significantly impacted by the bending angle,while the performance indexes were significantly impacted by the width and angular velocity of the blade.The factors that affected the performance of the device were ranked in the order of bending angle>transverse cutting edge>angular velocity.It was also found that soil disturbance rate was mostly impacted by the transverse cutting edge,followed by the bending angle and the angular velocity,while the equivalent energy consumption was mostly affected the transverse cutting edge,followed by the bending angle and the velocity of the cutter tooth angle.The optimized results for the device operation were that when the operation speed was 7.2 km/h,the bending angle was 0.86 rad,the transverse cutting edge was 50 mm,and the angular velocity was 52 rad/s,the associated stubble clearance rate was 94.3%,soil disturbance rate was 54.3%,and the equivalent energy consumption was 3.4 kW.Under these conditions,clogging and straw entanglement did not occur.The results in this paper are helpful for designing devices to clear straw and stubbles left over after harvest in no-till farming.
作者
侯守印
陈海涛
邹震
魏志鹏
张岩龙
Hou Shouyin;Chen Haitao;Zou Zhen;Wei Zhipeng;Zhang Yanlong(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期59-69,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(GARS-04)
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201004)
北方寒地现代农业装备技术重点实验室开放项目(KF18-05)。
关键词
农业机械
设计
试验
免耕播种
玉米根茬
侧向清茬刀
agricultural machinery
design
experiment
no-tillage sowing
corn stubble
lateral stubble cleaning blade
