摘要
目的:探讨我国优秀花样游泳运动员功能性动作能力与力量素质的相关性,分析功能动作筛查测试与力量素质测试结果存在的内在联系,从专项视角探讨花样游泳运动项目的训练策略并提出建议。方法:选取国家花样游泳队14名健将级运动员为研究对象,对其进行FMS、握力、上肢力量、股内收肌群力量、躯干核心耐力、下肢爆发力测试,并对测试结果进行相关性分析。结果:1)14名花样游泳运动员FMS测试平均得分为15.21分,有5人测试得分低于运动损伤高风险的临界值(14分);2)FMS测试总分与Keiser坐姿上推(偏相关系数=0.622,P<0.05)、45°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(偏相关系数=0.652,P<0.05)、90°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(偏相关系数=0.746,P<0.01)均呈正相关;3)直线弓步蹲与Keiser坐姿上推(偏相关系数=0.711,P<0.05)、无反向纵跳(偏相关系数=0.661,P<0.05)、有反向纵跳(偏相关系数=0.614,P<0.05)和40 cm跳深跳高(偏相关系数=0.754,P<0.01)均呈正相关;肩部灵活性测试得分与Keiser下蹲上推(偏相关系数=0.575,P<0.05)、45°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(偏相关系数=0.585,P<0.05)以及90°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(r=0.867,P<0.01)均呈正相关,与仰桥耐力呈负相关(偏相关系数=0.701,P<0.05);旋转稳定性与40 cm跳深跳高呈正相关(偏相关系数=0.575,P<0.05)。结论:我国优秀花样游泳运动员髋关节主动灵活性和臀大肌-髂胫束联合等肌群的主动柔韧性较好,但存在膝关节、髋关节稳定性差、躯干核心区肌群控制力不足等问题,受主导臂和主导腿均为右侧影响,运动员身体两侧不平衡明显。运动员FMS测试得分并不能全面反映其力量素质的高低,FMS测试得分与部分力量素质测试结果存在相关性,可能与两种测试均涉及同一动力链结构系统肌群的协同工作和动作存在做功类型的相似性有关。
Objective: To explore the correlation between functional movement ability and strength quality of Chinese elite synchronized swimmers, analyze the intrinsic link between FMS test and strength test results, discuss the training strategy of the synchronized swimming sports project from a special perspective and make recommendations. Methods: Fourteen athletes from the National Synchronized Swimming Team were selected as subjects. FMS, grip strength, upper limb strength, adductor thigh musculature strength, trunk core endurance, and lower extremity explosive force were selected. Correlation analysis was performed on the test results. Results: 1) The average FMS test of 14 synchronized swimmers was 15.21 points, and 5 people scored lower than the critical value of the high risk of exercise injury(14 points);2) the total score of FMS test was positively correlated with Keiser sitting posture push-up(partial correlation coefficient=0.622, P<0.05), 45° adductor muscle group lateral contraction strength(partial correlation coefficient=0.652, P<0.05), 90° adductor muscle group lateral contraction strength(partial correlation coefficient=0.746, P<0.01);3) straight bow squatting and Keiser sitting posture push-up(partial correlation coefficient=0.711, P<0.05), no reverse vertical jump(partial correlation coefficient=0.661, P<0.05), reversed vertical jump(partial correlation coefficient=0.614, P<0.05) and 40 cm deep jump(partial correlation coefficient=0.754, P<0.01)were significantly positively correlated;shoulder flexibility test scores were positively correlated with Keiser squat push(partial correlation coefficient=0.575, P<0.05), 45° adductor muscle group lateral contraction strength(partial correlation coefficient=0.585, P<0.05) and 90° femoral adduction. The transverse contraction strength(r=0.867, P<0.01) of muscle groups was positively correlated with the endurance of the elevation bridge(partial correlation coefficient=0.701, P<0.05), and the rotation stability was positively correlated with the depth jump of 40 cm(partial correlation coefficient=0.575, P<0.05). Conclusion: The active flexibility of the hip joints and the gluteus maximus-twist combination of the elite Chinese synchronized swimmers have better active flexibility, but there are problems such as poor stability of the knee joint and hip joint and insufficient trunk control ability. The lateral arm and the right leg are the dominant limbs, and the imbalance between the two sides of the athlete’s body is obvious. The total score of the athlete’s FMS test has a significant positive correlation with the muscles within the femoral muscle and the muscles of the deltoid muscle, the triceps, the upper trapezius, and the latissimus dorsi. The reason for the significant negative correlation between the lumbar extensor muscle endurance is related to the athlete’s positive result in the shoulder exclusion test. The FMS test score does not fully reflect the special strength level of the synchronized swimmer.
作者
陈文佳
章碧玉
沈兆喆
CHENWenjia;ZHANG Biyu;SHEN Zhaozhe(China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;National Sports Training Center,Beijing 100061,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期71-80,F0003,共11页
China Sport Science and Technology
