摘要
采用大田试验法,设置CK(对照:不施氮)、OPT(两次施肥:基、追肥均沟施尿素)、OPT1(分层施肥:上、下层均施尿素,全部一次性基施)和OPT2(分层施肥:上层尿素,下层腐植酸复合肥,全部一次性基施)4个处理,研究不同优化施氮处理对玉米氮养分吸收与利用、植株生长和产量及土壤氮素累积的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,OPT、OPT1和OPT2处理的氮素吸收、生物量干重及产量均显著提高,各优化施肥处理的氮肥表观回收率、农学利用率和偏生产力分别达到37.4%~39.4%、8.3~8.5kg/kg和39.0~39.1kg/kg,收获期玉米的氮吸收、生物量干重和产量分别提高68.6%~72.4%、43.4%~51.3%和27.2%~27.7%;与OPT处理相比,OPT1、OPT2处理能够使生长季0~30、30~60cm土层的氮维持较高浓度,从而保证玉米氮素吸收和产量不降低,同时节省了玉米生育期追肥用工。分层施肥兼顾氮肥利用效率及作物产量、收益,同时节约了劳动力,在不使用缓控释肥条件下也可实现一次性施肥。
Different treatments including CK(no nitrogen fertilizer),OPT(urea as nitrogen fertilizer and applied in 10-cm soil layer at sowing stage and jointing stage by ditch application),OPT1(stratified fertilization,one-time basal application of urea in 10-cm and 25-cm soil layers respectively)and OPT2(stratified fertilization,urea and humic acid compounded fertilizer applied in 10-cm and 25-cm soil layers one-time respectively at sowing stage as basal application)were set in fields,and their effects on nitrogen absorption and utilization amounts,growth and yield of corn and soil nitrogen accumulation were compared in the study.The results showed that compared with CK,the nitrogen absorption amount,biomass dry weight and yield of corn in OPT,OPT1 and OPT2 treatments were significantly improved,and the nitrogen recovery use efficiency(NRE),nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE)and nitrogen partial factor productivity(PFP_N)were up to 37.4%~39.4%,8.3~8.5,39.0~39.1 kg/kg,respectively;the nitrogen absorption amount,biomass dry weight and yield increased by 68.6%~72.4%,43.4%~51.3%and 27.2%~27.7%,respectively.Compared with OPT treatment,OPT1 and OPT2 treatments could maintain higher concentration of soil N content in 0~30-cm and 30~60-cm soil layers in growing season,so as to ensure the N absorption amount and yield of corn,and save labor use of topdressing fertilizer at growth stage.Stratified fertilization could not only improve the NUE,crop yield and benefits,but also save labor force,and realize one-off fertilization without controlled-release fertilizers in corn production.
作者
李国生
吴小宾
魏建林
李燕
郑福丽
崔荣宗
刘兆辉
谭德水
Li Guosheng;Wu Xiaobin;Wei Jianlin;Li Yan;Zheng Fuli;Cui Rongzong;Liu Zhaohui;Tan Deshui(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Waste Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Rice Research Institute/Aquatic Organism Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
2020年第3期66-71,共6页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200600)
国家自然科学基金项目(41877100)。
关键词
分层施肥
氮肥效应
产量
施肥位置
土壤氮
Stratified fertilization
Nitrogen fertilizer effect
Yield
Fertilizer application position
Soil nitrogen concentration
