摘要
中国正在推进天然气市场改革,近期国家管网公司成立为标志性事件。欧美国家天然气市场改革实践表明:由最初的垄断型市场逐步过渡到竞争型市场,是天然气市场发展的一般趋势;竞争型市场的建立,既是天然气市场发展成熟的产物,也是政府监管改革的结果;建立竞争型市场有利有弊,但在市场发展成熟的情况下利大于弊。中国推进天然气市场改革的总体思路与欧美国家相似,也是采取运销分离、管网公平准入等结构改革措施,但不同之处在于中国启动结构改革是在天然气市场仍处于快速增长阶段,同时面临上游生产领域集中度高、天然气对外依存度高等问题,这使得中国天然气市场改革所面临的挑战要远远大于欧美国家。未来中国需要充分发挥自身优势,确保天然气工业的效率通过改革不断提高;理顺天然气产业链价格,增强资源保障供给能力;加强对国家管网公司的监管,确保中间环节统一高效集输;加快对天然气工业下游环节的改革,通过公平竞争释放市场活力。
China is pushing forward the reform of its natural gas market, with the recent establishment of a national pipeline company as a landmark event. The practice of natural gas market reform in European and American countries shows that: 1) the gradual transition from the original monopoly market to a competitive market is the common trend of the development of the natural gas market;2) the establishment of competitive market is not only the outcome of mature development of natural gas market, but also the result of government supervision reform;3) the establishment of a competitive market has both advantages and disadvantages, but the former is more when the market is mature. China’s overall plan of promoting the reform of natural gas market is similar to that of European and American countries since it also takes structural reform measures such as separation of transportation & sales and fair access to pipeline networks, but the difference lies in that when China started structural reform, the natural gas market was still in the stage of rapid growth, and faced such problems as high concentration of upstream production and high dependence on foreign natural gas, which challenged China much more than those countries. In the future, China needs to make full use of its own advantages to ensure the continuous improvement of the efficiency of the natural gas industry through reform, rationalize the price mechanism of natural gas industry chain and enhance the supply capacity of resources, strengthen the supervision of national pipe network companies to ensure unified and efficient gathering and transportation, and accelerate the reform of the downstream links of the natural gas industry and release market vitality via fair competition.
作者
张颙
董邦国
ZHANG Yong;DONG Bangguo(CNPC Finance Department;School of International Business,Dalian Minzu University)
出处
《国际石油经济》
2020年第2期15-22,共8页
International Petroleum Economics
关键词
天然气
市场改革
管网公平准入
气气竞争
国家管网公司
管网运营规则
natural gas
market reform
fair access to the pipeline network
gas-gas competition
national pipeline network company
pipeline network operating rules
