摘要
为挖掘野生茶树种质资源,对安溪县境内20株树龄较长野生茶树资源进行形态特征观察、测定及生化成分分析。结果表明:安溪县境内20株树龄较长的野生茶树主要分布在海拔400 m以上的地区。20株野生茶树资源中12株为灌木型,8株为乔木型;茶树叶长为6.00~10.00 cm,叶宽为2.00~4.00 cm,有4株茶树叶长超过15.00 cm;叶形以长椭圆形为主,其次为披针形,椭圆形最少;叶色以绿色和深绿色为主,仅有1株茶树叶片颜色呈黄绿色;叶面平整有11株,叶面隆起有4株;叶缘以平直为主,叶尖以急尖居多;芽叶茸毛较少为主,仅有1株茶树呈现出较多茸毛的特征;茶多酚含量变幅为15.65%~41.79%,高茶多酚含量(>36%)的茶树有7株;茶叶水浸出物变幅为17.78%~47.49%,高茶叶水浸出物(>45%)的茶树有4株;咖啡碱含量变幅为0.24%~3.86%,低咖啡碱含量(<0.31%)的茶树有4株;氨基酸含量变幅为1.78%~5.48%,高氨基酸含量(>5%)的茶树有2株;酚氨比变幅为0.32~2.60,20株野生茶树酚氨比均低于8,适制绿茶品种筛选。综上表明安溪县境内20株野生茶树在树体形态、叶片特征和生化成分上存在多样性,又表现出明显的单株特异性,可为有针对性合理开发利用和培育茶树品种提供优良材料。
In order to explore the germplasm resources of wild tea trees,the morphological characteristics of 20 older wild tea trees in Anxi County were observed and determined,and the biochemical composition was also analyzed.The results showed that the 20 older wild tea trees in Anxi County were mainly distributed in the areas over 400 m above sea level.Among the 20 wild tea trees,12 were shrubs and 8 were arbors.The leaf length of tea trees was 6.00-10.00 cm and the leaf width was 2.00-4.00 cm,while there were 4 tea trees with the leaf length exceeding 15.00 cm.The leaf shape was mainly oblong,followed by lanceolate and least oval.The leaf color was mainly green and dark green,and only 1 tea tree had yellowish green leaves.There were 11 plants with flat leaves and 4 plants with rugose leaves.The leaf margin was mainly flat,and the leaf apex was mostly acute.There were few hairs on the bud leaves,while only 1 tea tree showed the characteristic of having more hairs.The variation of tea polyphenol content ranged from 15.65%to 41.79%,and there were 7 tea trees with high tea polyphenol content(>36%).The variation of tea water extract ranged from 17.78%to 47.49%,and there were 4 tea trees with high tea water extract(>45%).The variation of caffeine content ranged from 0.24%to 3.86%,and there were 4 tea trees with low caffeine content(<0.31%).The variation of amino acid content ranged from 1.78%to 5.48%,and there were 2 tea trees with high amino acid content(>5%).The ratio of phenol to ammonia varied from 0.32 to 2.60,and the ratio of phenol to ammonia of 20 wild tea trees was all lower than 8,which was suitable for the selection of green tea varieties.In conclusion,the 20 wild tea trees in Anxi County had diversity in tree morphology,leaf characteristics and biochemical components,and showed obvious single-plant specificity,which could provide excellent materials for the targeted and reasonable development and cultivation of tea tree varieties.
作者
王河川
WANG He-chuan(Plant Management Station, Quanzhou Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China)
出处
《福建农业科技》
2020年第2期28-33,共6页
Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology
基金
福建省产业技术联合创新项目[(2014)514]
泉州市科技计划项目(2015N47)。
关键词
野生茶树
种质资源
形态特征
生化成分
Wild tea tree
Germplasm resources
Morphological characteristics
Biochemical composition
