摘要
在乡村振兴的目标下,建成遗产该如何保护和存续在许多国家均是难题。通过追溯英国处置乡村中的风土建筑这一建成遗产的重要组构部分的整体特点,对其价值认知、保护历程及规划体系的形成,进一步结合科兹沃尔德乡村保护案例的规划政策分析,从三个方面分析了英国风土建筑保护的策源力。即包括贵族乡绅在内的精英阶层对乡村自然景观营造和保护旨趣一直有其社会传统性;赞美自然和乡村生活的浪漫主义者进一步通过包含风土建筑在内的英国风景建构为英格兰的民族身份认知物;英国作为工业革命的产生地,较早开始对工业文明的进程带来的后果进行反思,保护乡村的建成遗产及其整体环境作为善性立法和公共利益优先的原则的体现,并较早地通过制度建立被纳入正当化、合法性的保护框架中。最后指出英国社会普遍达成的有关风土建筑及其文化地景整体性保护的共识与规划制度的配合是英国乡村大范围的建成遗产能够被成功保护的关键所在。
How could the vernacular built heritage survive is a difficult problem in many countries.By tracing back to the process of value recognition and protection of rural England and contexts,and combining with the case of Cotswold,this paper analyses the origin of vernacular architecture conservation from three aspects.That is to say,the elite,including the noble squires,have always had their social tradition in creating and protecting rural natural landscape;the Romantics who praise nature and rural life further construct England's national identity through the England landscape including local architecture;and Britain,as the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution,early began to reflect on the consequences of the process of industrial civilization.As the embodiment of the principle of good legislation and public interest priority,the rural England where the vernacular architecture and cultural landscape are located was incorporated into the conservation framework of legitimacy.Finally,the essay points out that the key to conservation lies in the consensus on the holistic conservation of vernacular architecture and its cultural landscape.
出处
《中国名城》
2020年第4期34-44,共11页
China Ancient City
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“我国城乡风土建筑谱系维护与再生中的基质传承方法研究”(编号:51678415)
国家自主科学签署项目“我国地域谱系的营造方式及其在当代风土进化中的传承方式”(编号:51738008)。
关键词
建成遗产
风土建筑
英国乡村
保护
英国性
挑战
保护规划
built heritage
vernacular architecture
rural England
conservation
Englishness
Contest
conservation planning
