摘要
与专利权等知识产权保护不同,法律仅仅赋予商业秘密相对排他权,通过商业秘密法对信息进行保护尤为要注意平衡商业秘密权人的利益与社会公众的利益,一旦商业秘密的过分保护严重影响了公共利益时,将会形成商业秘密壁垒。在Myriad案中,联邦最高法院认为天然存在的DNA是自然产物,仅仅是从周围的遗传物质中分离出来是不符合专利主题要求的,于是Myriad公司转而对重要基因信息寻求商业秘密保护,使得原本可以流向公有领域的信息再次受阻。如何突破围绕基因信息形成商业秘密壁垒则变得至关重要,主要的突破策略包括对基因信息的独立开发与反向工程,FDA的行政监管,政府介入权(March-in Rights)的适用以及强制许可。
Different from the protection of intellectual property rights such as patent rights,the law only grants relative exclusive right to trade secrets.To protect information through trade secret law,it is particularly important to balance the interests of trade secret owners with the interests of the public.Once excessive protection of trade secrets seriously affects the public interest,trade secret barriers will be formed.In the Myriad case,the Federal Supreme Court consid ered that the naturally occurring DNA segment was a natural product and was only separated from the surrounding ge netic material,so it does not meet the requirements of the patent subject.Subsequently,Myriad claimed trade secrets protection of important genetic information,and the information that was supposed to flow to the public domain was blocked again.How to break through the trade secret barriers around important genetic information has become criti cal.The main strategies include independent development and reverse engineering of genetic information,FDA's ad ministrative supervision,the application of March-in Rights and compulsory license.
作者
李想
LI Xiang(School of Intellectual Property,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)
出处
《科技与法律》
CSSCI
2020年第2期63-69,77,共8页
Science Technology and Law
关键词
商业秘密
基因信息
反向工程
政府介入权
强制许可
trade secret
genetic information
reverse engineering
March-in Rights
compulsory license
