摘要
针对深施型液肥穴施肥机存在损伤作物、穴口宽度大和喷肥效率低等问题,设计了一种深施型斜置式液肥穴施肥机。基于斜置式扎穴和参数反求求解设计思想,借助人机交互平台,设计关键部件扎穴机构,优化了机构的结构与工作参数,分析了喷肥针进肥接口运动轨迹。根据喷肥针入土、出土喷肥技术特点,运用差动轮系传动和空间凸轮机构的组合传动形式,设计了关键部件液肥分配机构,减少了输肥管路复杂的连接配置,构建了出肥软管接口运动模型,解析了满足于进肥软管接口协同运动机理。进行了深施型斜置式液肥穴施肥机田间性能检测试验,结果表明,该机扎穴性能优越,肥料喷射均匀,对作物的机械损伤小,穴口宽度、作物损伤率、施肥量和施肥深度分别为45.0 mm、0.3%、28.5 m L/次和102 mm,各项指标与前期设计差异较小,且符合农艺要求。
Considering the problems,namely crops damage,large hole width and low fertilizer spraying efficiency of deep application-type liquid fertilizer hole applicator,a deep application-type inclined liquid fertilizer hole applicator was designed. Through the design of "oblique hole pricking and parameter reverse solution",and based on the human-computer interaction platform,the pricking hole mechanism of key components was designed,the structure and working parameters of the mechanism were optimized,and the movement form of fertilizer feeding interface of fertilizer spraying needle was analyzed. According to the technical characteristics of spraying fertilizer needle earthing and unearthing fertilizer,and to improve the efficiency of fertilizer delivery,the liquid fertilizer distribution mechanism,which was the key component,was designed by using the combined transmission form of "differential gear train transmission and space cam mechanism ". The movement model of the fertilizer outlet interface was constructed to analyze and satisfy the cooperative movement mechanism with the fertilizer inlet interface and reduce the complicated connection configuration of the fertilizer delivery pipeline. The field performance test of the deep application-type inclined liquid fertilizer hole applicator revealed a superior hole punching performance,the fertilizer was sprayed evenly,and the mechanical damage to crops was small. The hole width,crop damage rate,fertilization amount and fertilization depth were 45. 0 mm,0. 3%,28. 5 m L/time and 102 mm,respectively. All indexes were less different from the previous design and met the agronomic requirements.
作者
周文琪
肖红
刘子铭
王金武
黄会男
王傲雪
ZHOU Wenqi;XIAO Hong;LIU Ziming;WANG Jinwu;HUANG Huinan;WANG Aoxue(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Mechanical Engineering Science,Harbin 150081,China;School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期78-86,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51905086、51675093)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M661241)
黑龙江省博士后面上项目(LBH-Z19044)
东北农业大学“青年才俊”项目(18QC19)。
关键词
液肥
穴施肥机
斜置式扎穴机构
液肥分配机构
差动轮系机构
liquid fertilizer
liquid fertilizer hole applicator
pricking hole mechanism in oblique type
liquid fertilizer distribution mechanism
differential gear train transmission
